Biodegradation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Drill Mud Waste with Compost and Cow Bile
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Biodegradation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Drill Mud Waste with Compost and Cow Bile Daniel Osei-Twumasi, et al. [full author details at the end of the article] Received: 28 February 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 / Published online: 19 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract
Bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated drill mud waste (HCDMW) presents a major challenge to environmental scientists worldwide, particularly in relation to the low bioavailability of the hydrocarbons and lack of reliable nitrogen source. In this study, the effects of cow bile and compost on the degradation of HCDMW were investigated to determine their potentials as sources of biosurfactant and nitrogen, respectively, for bioremediation. The HCDMW, with an initial total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of 165 g/kg was amended with varying amounts of cow bile solution (0 mL, 10 mL, 20 mL and 30 mL), compost (0% N, 1.4% N, 2% N and 2.6% N), and their mixtures giving 16 treatments. TPH, interfacial tension and C:N ratio, among other variables, were monitored as indicators of hydrocarbon degradation over a six-week period. Results indicated at least 90% TPH reduction across the various amendments compared with 3.7% for the control. The treated HCDMW also had lower residual interfacial tension (17.5–32.5 mN/m) relative to the control (32.4–35.9 mN/m). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed strong effects of interfacial tension, pH, electrical conductivity and C:N ratio on TPH degradation. The combination treatment of compost and cow bile solution resulting in 1.4% nitrogen and 20 mL cow bile was the most effective for TPH reduction (99.9% or 0.14 g/kg). These findings suggest a strong interactive effect of compost and cow bile on degradation of HCDMW, demonstrating their potentials for bioremediation as nitrogen source and biosurfactants, respectively. Keywords Bioremediation . Total petroleum hydrocarbon . Drill mud waste tank . Interfacial tension
Highlights • Drill mud waste is highly contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). • Compost and cow bile supplementation strongly enhanced TPH degradation. • Treatments adjusted interfacial tension, pH and C:N ratio to optimum levels. • C:N ratio, pH, EC and surface tension strongly influenced TPH degradation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-02000464-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Osei-Twumasi D. et al.
1 Introduction Crude oil production poses significant risks to the environment despite its importance in promoting economic development worldwide (Ghalayini 2011; Ball et al. 2012; Pathak and Mandalia 2012; Akpe et al. 2015; Ministry of Finance 2017). One of such problems is the generation of hydrocarbon-contaminated drill mud waste (HCDMW) from routine cleaning of drill mud holding tanks (MHT). This type of HCDMW, which differs in composition from that obtained from drill hole cuttings (Onwukwe and Nwakaudu 2012), is often released
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