Biological Activity and Environmental Safety of Selenium Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Starch Macromolecules
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BIOLOGY AND GENETICS, OMICS
Biological Activity and Environmental Safety of Selenium Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Starch Macromolecules A. I. Perfilevaa,*, O. A. Nozhkinaa, M. S. Tretyakovaa, I. A. Graskovaa, I. V. Klimenkovb, N. P. Sudakovb, G. P. Alexandrovac, and B. G. Sukhovc a Siberian
Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia b Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia c Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 10, 2020; revised March 10, 2020; accepted May 26, 2020
Abstract—The biological activity of selenium nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in a starch matrix (NC Se/St) against the bacterium causing the potato ring rot Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cms) and potato plants in vitro has been studied. It was found that the NC Se/St consisted of spherical selenium NPs of a wide dimension range, which formed clusters. The NC Se/St was characterized by bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against the Cms bacteria. The experiments with plants have demonstrated the stimulating effect of the NC Se/St based on its influence on the biometric parameters. The nanocomposite (NC) reduced the negative effect of the infection of potato plants with Cms by increasing the plant protective functions. Meanwhile, it was revealed that selenium did not accumulate in potato tissues after the treatment with the NC Se/St is established. It was revealed also that the NC Se/St does not suppress soil bacteria Acinetobacter quilouiace and Rhodococcus erythropolis. The results obtained allow us to consider NC Se/St as an effective and environmentally safe agent for stimulating the development of agricultural plants due to the targeted low-dose delivery of antimicrobial nanoselenium biocomposites to bacterial phytopathogens. DOI: 10.1134/S1995078020010152
bacterial exoenzymes which kills them. The use of polysaccharides as NC matrices is promising. This is determined not only by their harmlessness to humans and animals but also by their antibacterial properties. There is evidence on the antimicrobial activity of polysaccharides against human and animal pathogens, both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms [8, 9]. It is believed that this activity is related to the acidic destruction of the surface structures of the bacterial cell and impaired adhesion of the bacteria to the substrate [10, 11]. It is promising to use starch as a matrix for NPs in NCs, since it belongs to soluble dietary fibers that are safe for humans and animals. In addition, it is the preferred nutrient substrate for Cms. There are studies of the biological activity of substances using starch. Thus, based on purified corn starch, a new biologically active substance was synthesized—a sulfamine derivative with an antimicrobial effect at the concentration of 50 mg/mL against the following microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, E
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