Biomass Utilization for Energy Production. New Technologies
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ENERGETICS
Biomass Utilization for Energy Production. New Technologies V. M. Zaichenkoa, *, V. A. Lavrenova, O. M. Larinaa, **, I. I. Lishchinera, and O. V. Malovaa aJoint
Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Received February 28, 2020; revised March 17, 2020; accepted March 30, 2020
Abstract—The potential use of various types of biomass (plant origin and secondary biomass) for the production of syngas via thermochemical conversion in a large-scale installation for the further synthesis of components of liquid motor fuels are considered. From the presented results, it follows that syngas from sewage sludge has the optimal composition for the synthesis of methanol with further conversion to gasoline. Syngas from wood waste can be used for the synthesis of dimethyl ether and methanol for the needs of the chemical industry. DOI: 10.1134/S0018151X20040173
INTRODUCTION As is known, the proceeds from the sale of fuel and energy resources make a significant contribution to the budget of the Russian Federation. It is necessary to carefully monitor the changes that are taking place in the world in the use of fossil fuels. More recently, the time period in which mankind will be provided with reserves of coal, oil, and gas has been estimated. It was believed that the available coal resources would last for 300 years, natural-gas resources would last for 60, and oil would last for 50. The UN World Climate Conference (December 2015, Paris) recommended a 2°C reduction in the rate of temperature growth on the planet by 2050 and limits on the use of fossil fuels in such a way that they use no more than 10% of available reserves by this time. Within the indicated limits, approximately 80% of the world’s coal reserves, 50% of the natural gas, and 30% of the oil should remain unspent. The priorities in the use of fossil fuels are changing to a large extent. In the field of forecasting, this has shifted to practical measures aimed at changes in the fuel and energy strategy currently being implemented. Siemens, for example, is cutting turbine output. In 2010, the company received orders for 300 gas turbines with capacity of more than 100 MW; in 2017, only 122 turbines were ordered [1]. If these approaches are fair, then the costs of the exploration and development of new deposits of fossil fuels do not make sense. It is necessary to finance not the exploration and development of new deposits but research on the creation of new methods for the generation of energy without the use of natural fuels. Low-carbon development refers to the preservation of ecological balance and, ultimately, concern for the living conditions on our planet. Practice shows
that such events, as a rule, have negative consequences for our country in many respects. Since 2002 domestic aircraft are no longer allowed in European countries due to noise restrictions. Russia was forced to purchase imported aircraft with the permitted noise level. In fact, we are
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