Book Reviews
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Atomic Transport and Defects in Metals by Neutron Scattering Edited by C. Janot, W. Petty, D. Richter, and T. Springer (Springer-Verlag, 1986)
Process Modelling of Metal Forming and Thermomechanical Treatment C.R. Boer, M. Rebelo, H. Rystad, and G. Schroder (Springer-Verlag, 1986)
This 241-page volume, with 39 contributions from a workshop in Jiilich, West Germany in October 1985, covers shortrange order, precipitation and growth, time-dependent experiments, hydrogen in metals, diffusion in alloys, point defects, radiation damage, voids, and bubbles. As the title suggests, the workshop focused on what understanding neutron scattering can bring to these problems. A l t h o u g h n e u t r o n experiments predominate, there is frequent reference to other complementary techniques, particularly transmission electron microscopy and x-ray scattering. One of the most original papers is on the direct o b s e r v a t i o n of s p i n o d a l decomposition in NbH x alloys with neutron radiography. Participants clearly found uses for neutrons outside conventional scattering.
The widespread availability of digital computers has made possible the detailed analysis and modelling of processes such as forging, roll forming, and drawing which for many years were practiced on a strictly experimental basis. This engineering and mechanics oriented volume describes such analyses systems developed at the BrownBoveri Research Center in Dattwil, Switzerland. The Brown-Boveri systems employ two types of analyses. First, rigid-plastic flow theory in a "slab" approach provides approximate upper-bound solutions. These approximate solutions are used, for example, to ensure die filling in die design, selection of optimum ram speed in forging, development of variable-speed ram schedules, and prediction of allowable degree of preheat temperature non-uniformity from induction heating. Then finite element analysis (rigid-plastic isotropic work hardening with a simple temperature and rated e p e n d e n t flow stress) is u s e d for detailed prediction of the strain distributions in formed parts. The first section of the book presents a very readable description of the theoretical basis for these methods. The slab approach is explained well, as are the i m p o r t a n t differences b e t w e e n the rigid-plastic finite element analysis employed here and the more sophisticated "updated Lagrangian" finite element analysis developed elsewhere to treat full elastic-plastic deformation. The heart of the book is three chapters which detail how these methods are applied to forging turbine blades and ribbed parts, roll forming turbine blade
Besides the introductory lecture by Kostorz (Zurich) and 10-page review articles by Stewart (Reading), Peisl (Munich), Weertman (Evanston), and Sinclair (Harwell), this book is very much for the experts. Certainly all subjects are covered to some extent, but the majority of the 4 - 5 page papers are extremely detailed and probably impossible to follow except for someone working in the field. It seems unfortunate tha
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