Bradyrhizobium japonicum , B. elkanii and B. diazoefficiens Interact with Rice ( Oryza sativa ), Promote Growth and Incr
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Bradyrhizobium japonicum, B. elkanii and B. diazoefficiens Interact with Rice (Oryza sativa), Promote Growth and Increase Yield Duwini Padukkage1 · Sudarshanee Geekiyanage2 · Juan M. Reparaz3 · Rodolfo Bezus3 · Pedro A. Balatti3 · Giuliano Degrassi4 Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Bradyrhizobium is a genus of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that have been studied for several decades mainly for the ability to fix diazotrophic nitrogen after having been established endosymbiotically inside root nodules of the legumes of Fabaceae. The aim of this work was to evaluate the capability of Bradyrhizobium to promote the growth of crops belonging to other families, in this case, rice (Oryza sativa), both in laboratory and in field trials. For laboratory test, surface-sterilized rice seeds were soaked with cultures of each strain and planted in pots. Plant length and dry weight were measured after 35 days. For the field test, rice seeds of varieties Yeruá La Plata and Gurí INTA were inoculated with the three best strains observed in the laboratory test and planted in plots. After 60 days of growth, plant length and dry weight were measured. At harvest time, we measured the dry weight of the aerial part, yield and thousand-grain weight. Inoculation with any of the three species described provoked significant increments compared to the uninoculated control at least in one of the parameters measured, both in the laboratory and in the field tests. Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109 was the strain that promoted rice growth the most in the lab while Bradyrhizobium elkanii SEMIA 587 was the strain that promoted rice growth the most in the field, with increments in yield of approximately 1000 kg/ha. Data obtained suggest that the Bradyrhizobium species promoted all rice growth and yield.
Introduction It has been predicted that the world population will reach 11 billion by the year 2100 [1], 87% of it will be living in developing countries. Within many of these countries, food demand is on rise and rice is a staple food [2] for more than 3 billion. Since there is not much more surface to be cultivated the only way to increase production is by increasing * Giuliano Degrassi [email protected] 1
National Science Foundation, Maitland Place, Colombo, Sri Lanka
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka
3
Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatologia (CIDEFI), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCAyF), Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de La Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
4
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
yields of crops and this might be achieved by improving crop management as well as soil nutrients. Many agricultural systems managements led to the loss of soil fertility (mainly macronutrients) due to subsequent harvests in monoculture strategies an
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