Butler's British Political Facts

This book is the most comprehensive single volume reference work available for British political facts. Covering the period from 1900 to the present, it is the latest edition in a series previously edited by David Butler and various collaborators. This ne

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Edited by Roger Mortimore and Andrew Blick

Butler’s British Political Facts

Roger Mortimore · Andrew Blick Editors

Butler’s British Political Facts

Editors Roger Mortimore King’s College London London, UK

Andrew Blick King’s College London London, UK

ISBN 978-1-137-56708-6 ISBN 978-1-137-56709-3  (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56709-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017939929 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover image: icollection/Alamy Stock Photo This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Limited The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom

Preface

The first edition of this work, British Political Facts 1900–1960, was p ­ ublished in 1963, as an attempt to set out in a compact and accessible form the ­essential facts and statistics of politics of the previous six decades. The Tenth Edition, British Political Facts, was published in 2011, covering events from the premiership of the Third Marquess of Salisbury to the end of the Blair/ Brown era. David Butler was responsible for editing or co-editing every edition up to that point. He then honoured the present editors by asking us to assume responsibility for revising and updating the text. We had originally intended that this edition, renamed Butler’s British Political Facts, should take the United Kingdom through to the election of 2015. But as we were completing our task it became clear that the imminent referendum on EU membership might bring further important changes, for which we should wait; and there was then a further unexpected general