C-type Lectins in Immunity to Lung Pathogens
The respiratory tract is tasked with responding to a constant and vast influx of foreign agents. It acts as an important first line of defense in the innate immune system and as such plays a crucial role in preventing the entry of invading pathogens. Whil
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Contents 1
Introduction: C-Type Lectin Receptors and Their Importance to Lung Homeostasis ......................................................................................................................... 2 Aspergillus fumigatus .......................................................................................................... 3 Pneumocystis ....................................................................................................................... 4 Cryptococcus neoformans ................................................................................................... 5 Mycobacterium tuberculosis................................................................................................ 6 Pneumonia-Causing Bacteria............................................................................................... 6.1 Streptococcus pneumoniae ......................................................................................... 6.2 Klebsiella pneumoniae ............................................................................................... 6.3 Haemophilus influenzae.............................................................................................. 7 Influenza Virus .................................................................................................................... 8 Concluding Remarks ........................................................................................................... References ..................................................................................................................................
Abstract The respiratory tract is tasked with responding to a constant and vast influx of foreign agents. It acts as an important first line of defense in the innate immune system and as such plays a crucial role in preventing the entry of invading pathogens. While physical barriers like the mucociliary escalator exert their effects through the clearance of these pathogens, diverse and dynamic cellular mechanisms exist for the activation of the innate immune response through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These PAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are expressed on a number of myeloid cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils found in the respiratory tract. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs that play a pivotal role in the innate B. B. A. Raymond (&) O. Neyrolles Y. Rombouts Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31400 Toulouse, France e-mail: [email protected] Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2020_197 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
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immune response and its regulation to a variety of respiratory pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. This chapter will describe the function of both activating and inhibiting myeloid CLRs in the recognition of a number of important respi
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