Cadmium accumulation and physiological response of Amaranthus tricolor L. under soil and atmospheric stresses
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Cadmium accumulation and physiological response of Amaranthus tricolor L. under soil and atmospheric stresses Chufan Liu 1 & Rongbo Xiao 1 & Weijie Dai 1 & Fei Huang 1 & Xiaojun Yang 2 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 5 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, cadmium (Cd) solution spraying and Cd-contaminated soil pot experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of Cd from atmospheric deposition and soil on the growth, cumulative distribution, chemical morphology, physiological, and biochemical responses of Amaranthus tricolor L. The results indicated that Cd in plants mainly came from soil (92– 98%) and was stored in the roots in large quantities while the portion from atmospheric deposition could also effectively increase Cd content in stems and leaves (2–3%). Cd was mainly stored in plant cell walls and would transfer to the soluble part under highconcentration soil stress Cd from atmospheric deposition alone promoted the growth of plants, but high Cd concentrations from soil had the negative influence. The contents of H2O2 and MDA in plants increased under soil and atmospheric Cd stress, indicating that the plant cells were damaged by oxidative stress. The content of antioxidant enzymes such as POD, CAT, SOD, and antioxidants like AsA and GSH increased under low-concentration Cd stress but decreased under elevated stress, suggesting that high Cd-contaminated soil poses severe toxicity on the antioxidant system of the plants. Hence, the accumulation and physiological response of plants under multi-source Cd contamination were mainly affected by high soil Cd concentrations. Though the effect of atmospheric deposition is relatively less, it cannot be ignored. Keywords Amaranthus tricolor L. . Cadmium . Chemical form . Physiological response . Soil and atmospheric co-stress . Subcellular distribution
Introduction Over the past decades, heavy metal contamination has become a serious global problem, owing to fast industrialization and inadequate environmental regulations (Kumar et al. 2019a; Kumar et al. 2019b). Especially for cadmium (Cd) contamination, there are more than 13 million hectares of cultivated land being subject to Cd contamination in China (Hu et al. 2016), and there is an urgent need to investigate its influence
Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi * Rongbo Xiao [email protected] 1
Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
on agricultural products to safeguard human health (Zhou and Wang 2019). Moreover, it was reported that Cd can have a high degree of fluidity in soil-plant systems, rendering soil a major input source for heavy metals in plants. Besides, atmospheric deposition can also increase the Cd accumulation in plants surrounding mini
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