Physiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses of a Taxus baccata L. callus culture under drought stress
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PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
Physiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses of a Taxus baccata L. callus culture under drought stress Marziyeh Sarmadi 1 & Naser Karimi 1 & Javier Palazón 2 & Alireza Ghassempour 3 & Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili 4 Received: 15 January 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 / Editor: Yong Eui Choi # The Society for In Vitro Biology 2020
Abstract The metabolic stimulation induced by abiotic stress is an efficient strategy for the production of secondary metabolites in sterile and controlled plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures. Paclitaxel (taxol), one of the most widely used therapeutic compounds for the treatment of various cancers, is mainly produced through cell culture of the European yew (Taxus baccata L.). In this work, a T. baccata callus culture was subjected to drought stress induced in vitro by mannitol and sorbitol (1, 2, 3, and 4%) and sucrose (6 and 8%) to evaluate its impact on physiological and biochemical traits as well as paclitaxel and 10-deacetyl baccatin III (10-DBA) production. It was observed that drought stress caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in dry weight, proline, soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, total phenolics, flavonoids, and flavonols, and a decrease in relative water content, fresh weight, relative growth rate, and cell viability. Constitutive activities of superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were enhanced by the induced stress. The content of paclitaxel and 10-DBA was higher in stressed cultures than in the control. It can be concluded that T. baccata cells have a protection mechanism against oxidative damage involving induced activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The induction of moderate drought stress could therefore be an effective strategy for increasing taxanes production in T. baccata callus cultures. Keywords Abiotic stress . Taxanes . Paclitaxel . Total phenol . Antioxidant
Introduction Plants produce a wide range of chemical constituents, most of which do not appear to contribute directly to growth and development. These secondary metabolites (SMs) are often differentially distributed among plant taxa (Tiwari and Rana 2015) and play a dominant role in the adaptation of plants to * Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili [email protected] Naser Karimi [email protected] 1
Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2
Laboratori de Fisiologia Vegetal Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII sn, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
3
Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
diverse environments and in overcoming stress constraints (Lila 2004). In recent decades, plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures (PCTOs) have been widely exploited for the production of high-value SMs such as paclitaxel (Onrubia
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