Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes Evidence for the Environmental Impact of the Cage Fish Farm in Poyang Lake, China
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Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes Evidence for the Environmental Impact of the Cage Fish Farm in Poyang Lake, China Maolan Wang1 · Xin Xiong1 · Jingjing Liu1 · Chang He1 · Qianyu Zhao1 Received: 10 June 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 / Published online: 17 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions of the sediment organic matter, fish feed and fish feces were measured to assess the impact of the aquaculture waste from the cage fish farm in Poyang Lake. The results provide evidence of the nonnegligible effect of aquaculture waste on the sediment organic matter. The δ13C and δ15N of sediments varied from − 27.62 to − 25.66‰ and 4.83 to 6.92‰, respectively. The sediment organic matter had a mixed source of waste feed, fish feces and plankton. The average contribution ratio of waste feed and fish feces was 53.1% and 24.6%, respectively. The aquaculture derived organic matter ratio was high with ranging from 57.6 to 95.6%. The aquaculture waste seemed to disperse widely enough to influence the study site about 2.5 km distance from the cage. The dispersion and resuspension were the main two factors which can explain the great effect area found in this study. Keywords Cage fish culture · Carbon and nitrogen isotopes · Waste feed · Fish feces · Poyang lake The cage fish farming, as a highly intensive way of fish farming, is widely used in lakes, reservoirs, rivers, bays and coastal areas. It will not only create huge economic benefits, but also cause serious environmental problems (Kim et al. 2020; Varol 2019; Naylor et al. 2000). These environment problems are less obvious in the water column because the particulate organic wastes are easy to disperse and dilute in the water column. However, due to the rapid deposition of the particulate organic wastes onto the lakebed or seabed (Cromey et al. 2002; Yokoyama et al. 2006), it will have a serious impact on the sediment chemistry, benthic bacteria activity, benthic meiofauna, and macrofauna at the sediments around the cages (Rubio-Portillo et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2019; Apostolaki et al. 2007; Xie et al. 2020b; Liao et al. 2019; Varol 2019). Cage fish farming release a large number of particulate organic wastes mainly consist of dissolved and particulate nutrients originating from unused feed, metabolic wastes and feces (Holmer et al. 2007; da Silva Cacho et al. * Maolan Wang [email protected] 1
School of Resources Environmental and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People’s Republic of China
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2020; Gondwe et al. 2012). These discharged wastes are rich in organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen, which can change the sediment characteristics around the fish cages (Hall et al. 1990, 1992; Holby and Hall 1991). This may lead to anoxia of the bottom water, the increase of turbidity, the change of the community structure of benthos an
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