Retention of nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Chaohu, China: implications for eutrophication management
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Retention of nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Chaohu, China: implications for eutrophication management Yanping Wang 1,2,3 & Xiangzhen Kong 4 & Zhaoliang Peng 1 & Hui Zhang 5 & Gang Liu 5 & Weiping Hu 1 & Xiangqian Zhou 6 Received: 26 July 2019 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nutrient retention is an important process in lake nutrient cycling of lakes and can mitigate lake eutrophication. However, little is known about temporal lake nutrient retention efficiency and it varies due to changes in hydrological, ecological, and nutrient inputs to lake waters. Quantitative information about seasonal lake N and P retention is critical for developing strategies to reduce eutrophication in lake systems. This study investigated TN and TP retention efficiencies and retention masses using water and mass balance calculations, and statistically analyzed the seasonal variability of nutrient retention in Lake Chaohu, China, from 2014 to 2018. Lake Chaohu experienced large amounts of external loads inputs (23.2 g N m−2 year−1 and 1.3 g P m−2 year−1), and approximately 58% TN and 48% TP were retained annually. The lake acted more as a sink for N than for P. The mean annual TP retention efficiency decreased (P < 0.05) over the study period, indicating that TP retention capacity was gradually exceeded. Seasonal variability of TN and TP retention efficiency was high and ranged from − 18.7 to 144.1% and from − 58.8 to 170.7%, respectively, over the five study years. The internal P loads over the study period were equivalent to roughly 9% of the total external loads. The annual nutrient retention efficiency of TN and TP increased with hydraulic residence time, while water temperature was an essential factor for the contrasting seasonal variation patterns of TN and TP retention efficiencies. Keywords Nutrient retentionefficiency . Nutrientbudget . Lake Chaohu . Seasonal pattern . Internal loading . Lakeeutrophication
Introduction Responsible Editor: Boqiang Qin Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10024-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Weiping Hu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
School of Geographical Science, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China
4
Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
5
Environmental Monitoring Station, Authority Bureau of Lake Chaohu, Intersection of Bantang Road and Laoshan Road, Hefei 238000, China
6
Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
Eutrophication is a widespread phenomenon in la
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