Cardiovascular effects of black tea and nicotine alone or in combination against experimental induced heart injury
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cardiovascular effects of black tea and nicotine alone or in combination against experimental induced heart injury Siyavash Joukar & Hamideh Bashiri & Shahriar Dabiri & Payam Ghotbi & Arash Sarveazad & Kouros Divsalar & Farzin Joukar & Mahsa Abbaszadeh
Received: 29 July 2011 / Accepted: 23 December 2011 / Published online: 7 January 2012 # University of Navarra 2012
Abstract The present study was designed to elucidate the outcome of subchronic co-administration of black tea and nicotine on cardiovascular performance and whether these substances could modulate the isoproterenolinduced cardiac injury. Animal groups were control, black tea, nicotine and black tea plus nicotine. Test groups received nicotine (2 mg/kg s.c.) and black tea brewed (p.o.) each alone and in combination for 4 weeks. On the 28th day, myocardial damage was induced by isoproterenol (50 mg/kg i.p.), and blood samples were taken. On day 29, after hemodynamic parameters recording, hearts were removed for histopathological evaluation. Tea or nicotine consumption had no significant effects on hemodynamic indices of animals without heart S. Joukar (*) : K. Divsalar Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7616914115, Kerman, Iran e-mail: [email protected] Siyavash. Joukar e-mail: [email protected] S. Joukar : P. Ghotbi : F. Joukar Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7616914115, Kerman, Iran S. Joukar : P. Ghotbi Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7616914115, Kerman, Iran
damage. When the cardiac injury was induced, tea consumption maintained the maximum dp/dt, and nicotine significantly decreased the pressure–rate product. Moreover, severity of heart lesions was lower in the presence of nicotine or black tea. Concomitant use of these materials did not show extra effects on mentioned parameters more than the effect of each of them alone. The results suggest that subchronic administration of black tea or nicotine for a period of 4 weeks may have a mild cardioprotective effect, while concomitant use of these materials cannot intensify this beneficial effect. Keywords Black tea . Nicotine . Isoproterenol . Myocardial injury . Mean arterial pressure H. Bashiri Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran S. Dabiri : M. Abbaszadeh Department of Pathology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7616914115, Kerman, Iran A. Sarveazad Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran F. Joukar High school of Allame Helli, Education of Kerman province, Kerman, Iran
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Introduction According to World Health Organization (WHO) reports, the global prevalence of smoking any tobacco product among adults aged ≥15 years is 40% in men and 10% in women [38]. Tobacco smoking is considered as an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart attac
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