Immunomodulatory role of black tea in the mitigation of cancer induced by inorganic arsenic
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Immunomodulatory role of black tea in the mitigation of cancer induced by inorganic arsenic Ravi Kiran1,a , Swati Tyagi2 , Syed Abbas3,b
, Madhumita Roy4 , A. Taraphder1,5
1 2 3 4
Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh 160012, India School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, HP 175005, India Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India 5 Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 © Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We present a model analysis of the tumor and normal cell growth under the influence of a carcinogenic agent, an immunomodulator (IM) and variable influx of immune cells including relevant interactions. The tumor growth is facilitated by carcinogens such as inorganic arsenic, while the IM considered here is black tea (Camellia sinesnsis). The model with variable influx of immune cells is observed to have considerable advantage over the constant influx model, and while the tumor cell population is greatly mitigated, normal cell population remains above healthy levels. The evolutions of normal and tumor cells are computed from the proposed model and their local stabilities are investigated analytically. Numerical simulations are performed to study the long-term dynamics and an estimation of the effects of various factors is made. This helps in developing a balanced strategy for tumor mitigation without the use of chemotherapeutic drugs that usually have strong side effects.
1 Introduction The scourge of cancer is on the rise all around the globe. There have been a number of factors responsible for this increasing trend. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and according to 2018 GLOBOCAN data, death due to cancer stands at 9.6 million in 2018 [1]. Cancer is an uncontrolled and abnormal proliferation of cells, leading to formation of tumor which can infiltrate and destroy normal tissues. There have a number of etiologic factors responsible for this disease, including environmental exposures, lifestyle and others. Often there is some occupational exposure to certain carcinogenic risk factors like chemicals, radioactive materials, etc. Arsenic, a metalloid, is found in abundance in ground water in many parts of the world. Exposure to arsenic leads to a plethora of health hazards [2]. The United States’ Environmental Protection Agency declared that all arsenic is a potential risk to human health [3]. In the list of hazardous substances, the United States’ Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
a e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] b e-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author)
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