Catalytic Valorization of Expired Fructan-Rich Food into the Biofuel 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural via a Restaurant Food Waste-
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Catalytic Valorization of Expired Fructan‑Rich Food into the Biofuel 5‑Ethoxymethylfurfural via a Restaurant Food Waste‑Derived Carbonaceous Solid Acid Luxin Zhang1 · Lu Tian1 · Guoyun Xi1 · Ruijun Sun1 · Xin Zhao1 Received: 7 April 2019 / Accepted: 25 November 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Valorization of food waste into value-added fuels or chemicals is of considerable significance. Herein, an efficient catalytic approach was developed for transforming expired fructan-rich food (probiotics beverage powder, onion powder and garlic powder that have expired) into the biofuel, 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF), via a carbonaceous solid acid synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and sulfonation of restaurant food waste. The as-prepared restaurant food waste-derived carbonaceous solid acid catalyst (FW-SO3H) was well-characterized by a series of model physical and chemical technologies, and its catalytic performances were evaluated by the ethanolysis of expired fructan-rich food for EMF synthesis. The effects of reaction process variables were investigated. A considerable EMF yield of 52.1% from expired probiotics beverage powder was obtained in DMSO/ethanol medium at 140 °C for 4 h. EMF yields of 20.4% and 11.7% were achieved from expired onion powder and expired garlic powder, respectively. This work provides a valorization strategy for both expired fructanrich food and restaurant food waste.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00904-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Luxin Zhang [email protected] 1
College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, People’s Republic of China
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Waste and Biomass Valorization
Graphic Abstract
Keywords Fructan-rich food expired the shelf life · Restaurant food waste · Valorization · Biofuel · 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural
Statement of Novelty Carbohydrate-rich materials are ideal feedstocks for the production of biofuels via a bio-refinery process, and wastes originating from agriculture or forestry are the most investigated substrates. In fact, expired food enriched in carbohydrates also represents a renewable resource, and a potential alternative for biofuels synthesizing. However, the valorization of carbohydrate-rich expired food for producing biofuel chemicals has not been paid much attention. In the present work, an efficient approach was developed for transforming expired fructan-rich food into the biofuel chemical 5-ethoxymethylfurfural by using a carbonaceous solid acid catalyst derived from restaurant food waste. Both fructan-rich food expired the shelf life and restaurant food waste were valorized in the proposed process.
Introduction Food supply chain waste (FSCW), which accounts for 33% of the world’s
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