CCS52 and DEL1 function in root-knot nematode giant cell development in Xinjiang wild myrobalan plum ( Prunus sogdiana V
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
CCS52 and DEL1 function in root-knot nematode giant cell development in Xinjiang wild myrobalan plum (Prunus sogdiana Vassilcz) Kun Xiao 1 & Weiyang Chen 1 & Xuefeng Chen 1 & Xiang Zhu 1,2 & Pingyin Guan 3 & Jianfang Hu 1 Received: 11 November 2019 / Accepted: 25 March 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are highly invasive plant parasites that establish permanent feeding sites within the roots of the host plant. Successful establishment of the feeding site is essential for the survival of RKN. The formation and development of the feeding cell, also called giant cell, involve both cell division and endoreduplication. Here, we examined giant cell development and endoreduplication in Prunus sogdiana infected with the RKN. We found that feeding sites were established 3–5 days post inoculation (dpi) and matured at 21–28 dpi. The giant cells began to form 5 dpi and continued to increase in size from 7 to 21 dpi. The large numbers of dividing nuclei were observed in giant cells from 7 to 14 dpi. However, nuclear division was rarely observed after 28 days. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that PsoCCS52A was abundantly expressed at 7– 21 dpi and the PsoCCS52A signal observed in giant cell nucleus at 7–14 dpi. The PsoCCS52B is highly expressed at 14 dpi, and the hybridization signal was mainly in the cytoplasm of giant cells. The PsoDEL1 expression was lowest 7–21 dip, with negligible transcript detected in the giant cells. This indicates that the PsoCCS52A plays a role in the process of cell division, while the CCS52B plays a role in the development of giant cells. The PsoDEL1 plays a negative regulatory role in megakaryocyte nuclear replication. These data suggest that an increased expression of PsoCCS52A promotes nuclear division and produces a large number of polyploid nuclei, the area of giant cells and feeding sites increase, ultimately leading to the formation of galls in Prunus sogdiana. Keywords Prunus sogdiana . Root-knot nematode . Feeding sites . Giant cells . Endoreduplication
Introduction Kun Xiao and Weiyang Chen contributed equally to this work. Handling Editor: Ulrike Mathesius Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01505-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Pingyin Guan [email protected] * Jianfang Hu [email protected] 1
College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2
Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese, Guiyang 550025, China
3
Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) infect most flowering plants, causing significant losses in agriculture (Teixeira et al. 2016). The RKN M. incognita is perhaps the single most damaging crop pathogen in the world, having the largest economic impact (Trudgill and Bl
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