Challenges in passenger use of mixed reality headsets in cars and other transportation
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Challenges in passenger use of mixed reality headsets in cars and other transportation Mark McGill1 · Julie Williamson1 · Alexander Ng1 · Frank Pollick1 · Stephen Brewster1 Received: 1 January 2019 / Accepted: 7 December 2019 © The Author(s) 2019
Abstract This paper examines key challenges in supporting passenger use of augmented and virtual reality headsets in transit. These headsets will allow passengers to break free from the restraints of physical displays placed in constrained environments such as cars, trains and planes. Moreover, they have the potential to allow passengers to make better use of their time by making travel more productive and enjoyable, supporting both privacy and immersion. However, there are significant barriers to headset usage by passengers in transit contexts. These barriers range from impediments that would entirely prevent safe usage and function (e.g. motion sickness) to those that might impair their adoption (e.g. social acceptability). We identify the key challenges that need to be overcome and discuss the necessary resolutions and research required to facilitate adoption and realize the potential advantages of using mixed reality headsets in transit. Keywords Virtual reality · Augmented reality · Mixed reality · Transportation · Passenger · In-car · In-flight · Travel
1 Introduction Advances in transportation are such that there will be a significant conversion from drivers to passengers over the coming years, i.e. in transit but not necessarily responsible for the continuous navigation or control of a vehicle. This is due both to the increasing availability/usage of public transport and the impending adoption of autonomous vehicles. As a consequence, the not inconsiderable time spent across the population as passengers is expected to continue to rise. A recent report showed that long commutes in the UK have risen (Trades Union Congress 2015) to the extent that UK car journeys typically last ∼ 22 min (Department for Transport 2016) and commutes last ∼ 55 min (Press Association 2015), whilst in the USA drivers spend ∼ 56 min per day in transit (U.S. Department of Transportation 2009). For flights, Heathrow alone reported 78 million passengers in 2017 (Heathrow 2017), whilst train journeys in the UK have doubled since the 1990s, with 145 million long-distance journeys in 2018 (Office of Rail 2018). And, more broadly, 3.7 million workers in the UK travel more than 2 h every * Mark McGill [email protected] 1
School of Computing Science/School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
weekday (TUC 2016). In effect, a considerable portion of our lives is spent as passengers, undergoing journeys that can be perceived as repetitive and whose duration is often considered wasted time (Gardner and Abraham 2007; Watts and Urry 2008). Given this, an increasingly important question is how best to support passengers to make the most of this travel time, regardless of the mode of transportation they undertake. Observations of passenger behaviours have t
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