Changes in Adhesion of Candida tropicalis Clinical Isolates Exhibiting Switch Phenotypes to Polystyrene and HeLa Cells
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Changes in Adhesion of Candida tropicalis Clinical Isolates Exhibiting Switch Phenotypes to Polystyrene and HeLa Cells Ca´ssia Milena de Souza . Hugo Felix Perini . Waldiceu Aparecido Verri Jr. . Tiago Henrique Zaninelli . Luciana Furlaneto-Maia . Marcia Cristina Furlaneto
Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Background Candida tropicalis is an important human pathogen that can undergo multiple forms of phenotypic switching. Aim We aimed to evaluate the effect of phenotypic switching on the adhesion ability of C. tropicalis. Methods C. tropicalis morphotypes included parental phenotypes (clinical isolates) and switch phenotypes (crepe, revertant of crepe—CR, rough, revertant of rough—RR, irregular center and revertant of irregular center—ICR). Adhesion to polystyrene and HeLa cells was determined by crystal violet assay. The percentage of HeLa cells with adhered yeasts and the number of adhered yeasts per HeLa cell were determined by light microscopy. Filamentation among adhered cells was assessed by direct counting.
Handling Editor: Marcia de Souza Carvalho Melhem. C. M. de Souza M. C. Furlaneto (&) Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Parana´ State University of Londrina, C.P, 6001, Londrina, PR 86051990, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] H. F. Perini W. A. Verri Jr. T. H. Zaninelli Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Parana´ State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil L. Furlaneto-Maia Technological Federal University of Parana´, Londrina, PR, Brazil
Results On polystyrene, 60% of the switch strains showed difference (p \ 0.05) on adhesion ability compared to their parental counterpart strains, and altered thickness of adhered cells layers. Filamentation was increased among adhered cells of the switched strains compared to parental strains. A positive correlation was observed between adhesion on polystyrene and filamentation for morphotypes of the system 49.07. The majority of the switched strains showed higher adhesion capability to HeLa cells in comparison to the adherence of the clinical strains. All revertant strains showed a higher number of yeast cells per HeLa cell compared to their variant counterparts (p \ 0.05), with exception of the ICR. Conclusions Our findings indicate that switching events in C. tropicalis affect adhesion and filamentation of adhered cells on polystyrene and HeLa cells. The rise of switch strains with increased adhesion ability may contribute to the success of infection associated with C. tropicalis. Keywords Phenotypic switching Adherence Filamentous forms
Introduction Candida tropicalis has become one of the most common clinical species of this genus, especially in
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Mycopathologia
tropical regions [1–3]. In some settings, bloodstream infections due to C. tropicalis have been associated with higher mortality than infections with other Candida species [4, 5]. Further, C. tropicalis is well known for
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