Changes in the bioelectrical impedance parameters estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass in healthy older persons
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Changes in the bioelectrical impedance parameters estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass in healthy older persons Małgorzata Kołodziej1 · Zofia Ignasiak1 Received: 11 July 2019 / Accepted: 9 November 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Background and aims As population ageing, it is necessary to use inexpensive and widely available methods of monitoring healthy ageing to earlier detect the risk of potential ageing-related diseases. As an alternative to the reference methods, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) enables one to quickly and easily estimate appendicular skeletal muscle mass, which in the case of older persons is an indicator of their physical fitness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the actual bioimpedance parameters used to estimate body composition, as possible markers of changes in the mass of the appendicular skeletal muscles in the course of ageing. Methods Four hundred and thirty-five persons (including 107 men and 328 women) aged 50–87 years (65.6 ± 6.4 years) participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements and measurements of the bioelectrical impedance components (resistance, reactance, and phase angle) were carried out. Using the prediction equations, appendicular muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were estimated. Results Differences in the bio-impedance parameters between older persons aged 65 + and persons on average 10 years younger have been demonstrated and the impedance components have been shown to be correlated with age, the correlations being stronger in the persons after the 65th year of life. Conclusions The actual bioelectrical impedance parameters measured directly using the BIA method of estimating body composition are good identifiers of the changes in the mass of the appendicular skeletal muscles in older persons in the course of ageing. Keywords Appendicular skeletal muscle mass · Bioelectrical impedance analysis · Healthy ageing · Older adults
Introduction It is estimated that there are 8.7% persons aged 65 and above in the world and as much as 19.4% in Europe and that this percentage will nearly double by 2050 [1, 2]. Considering that the rate of population ageing is so high, it is a major challenge to preserve mobility and optimal quality of life in older age. In May 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the Global Strategy and Action Plan on Ageing and Health for the years 2016–2020. The strategy focuses on coordinated efforts in five primary areas of activity to * Małgorzata Kołodziej [email protected] 1
Faculty of Physical Education, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51‑612 Wroclaw, Poland
support healthy ageing. One of the areas is the advancement of research and the monitoring and reporting systems for the gerontological education of ageing populations [2]. The physiological ageing of the individual contributes to a reduction in fat-free body mass (muscles, bones, and water) and to an increase in fat mass [3, 4].
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