Characterisation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from the Gut of Cyprinus carpio That May Be Effective Against Lead Tox
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Characterisation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from the Gut of Cyprinus carpio That May Be Effective Against Lead Toxicity Sib Sankar Giri 1,2 & Jin Woo Jun 1 & Saekil Yun 1 & Hyoun Joong Kim 1 & Sang Guen Kim 1 & Jeong Woo Kang 1 & Sang Wha Kim 1 & Se Jin Han 1 & Se Chang Park 1 & V. Sukumaran 2,3
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2017
Abstract The present study was conducted to isolate and characterise Pb-resistant lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and thus determine their potential for use as probiotics against Pb toxicity. A total of 107 Pb-resistant LAB strains were isolated from the gut content of Cyprinus carpio, of which 41 were established to be gram-positive and catalase-negative. Investigation of the Pb-binding ability of these isolated LAB identified seven strains (P2, P6, P7, P9, P16, P19 and P22) with comparatively high Pb-binding activities. These were selected for further screening to establish their Pb tolerance, anti-oxidative capacity and in vitro probiotic characteristics. Strain P16 exhibited both the highest Pb-binding and a relatively good antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, P16 displayed a high survival rate during 4 h of exposure to both low-pH (2.5–3.5) conditions and 10.0% fish bile, and a strong capacity to adhere to fish intestinal mucus (62.4%). Furthermore, P16 showed strong antibacterial activities against all tested fish pathogens. Strains P6, P9, P16, P19 and P22 were susceptible to a range of tested antibiotics, but not to vancomycin. Thus, of the isolated lactobacilli, strain P16 exhibited the best Pb-binding ability, a high level of antioxidant activity and satisfactory in vitro probiotic properties. Biochemical and 16S-rRNA gene analyses identified P16 as Lactobacillus reuteri. Thus, the results of the conducted in vitro tests suggest that the fish-associated P16 Lact. reuteri strain is a promising candidate probiotic, which should undergo further investigation to assess its suitability for use in protecting against lead-exposure-induced toxicities in aquaculture. Keywords Lead toxicity . Lactic acid bacteria . Lead-binding . Antioxidant . Probiotic characterisation
Introduction While heavy metals have various important industrial applications, their use can result in significant pollution, and thus human and/or environmental toxicity. Even sub-lethal concentrations of heavy metals pose a serious threat to humans,
* Se Chang Park [email protected] * V. Sukumaran [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
2
Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613403, India
3
Present address: Department of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613007, India
various animal species and whole ecosystems [1]. In particular, lead (Pb) is non-biodegradable, and therefore can accumulate and become concentrated in soil, sedi
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