Characterization and Pulping of Crops Residue: Eggplant, Cassava, Okra and Mulberry Plants
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Characterization and Pulping of Crops Residue: Eggplant, Cassava, Okra and Mulberry Plants Taslima Ferdous1 · M. Abdul Quaiyyum1 · M. Sarwar Jahan2 Received: 10 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this paper, four crops residues such as eggplant, cassava, okra and mulberry plants were assessed as papermaking raw materials. These crops residues had lower α-cellulose and holocellulose and moderate lignin content with syringyl:guaiacyl range of 1.05–1.63. The fiber length of eggplant, cassava, and mulberry plants were shorter (0.58–0.65 mm), while the same for okra plant was medium (1.14 mm). The Runkle ratios of these plant fibers were low (0.208–0.678), and flexibility coefficient was low to medium (55–79). All these non-wood plants were difficult to cook except eggplant plant. Eggplant plant produced screened pulp yield of 33.21 with kappa number of 22.9 at the conditions 3 h cooking at 170 °C with 20 alkali charge. Cassava plant showed the lowest screened pulp yield of 17.7% with kappa number 30.3 at the conditions 2 h cooking at 170 °C with 20 alkali charge. The okra plant pulp showed the best papermaking properties among these crops residues. Eggplant and okra plants can be used for brown packaging grade pulp. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Crops residues · Chemical characteristics · Morphological characteristics · Pulping · Papermaking properties
Statement of Novelty For the first time, chemical and morphological characteristics and pulpability of eggplant and cassava plants have been evaluated. Although a partial chemical analysis of okra * M. Sarwar Jahan [email protected] 1
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Pulp and Paper Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat‑i‑Khuda Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
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and mulberry plants was done, but no reports available on alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation and fiber quality analysis. A complete chemical and morphological characteristics and pulping and papermaking potential of eggplant, cassava, okra and mulberry plants have been evaluated for the first time.
Introduction GDP growth in Bangladesh has been above 7% for the last few years. Consequently, people’s living standard, as well as the demand for consumer products, has increased which
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has subsequently led to an increased demand for packaging paper, tissue paper etc. In this context, many paper mills have been set up based on imported pulp and recycled paper. The fluctuation of pulp price in the world market, however, have made many paper mills’ owners to consider constructing pulp mills based on local raw materials or imported wood chips. Bangladesh is a forest deficient country, but self-sufficient in agriculture sector, which generates a large quantity of agricultural residues. After harvesting crops, most of the agricultural wastes are burned and incorporated into the soil for the following crop [1]. H
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