Characterization of Wood-based Industrial Biorefinery Lignosulfonates and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis Lignin
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Characterization of Wood‑based Industrial Biorefinery Lignosulfonates and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis Lignin Venla Hemmilä1 · Reza Hosseinpourpia1 · Stergios Adamopoulos1 · Arantxa Eceiza2 Received: 29 March 2019 / Accepted: 11 November 2019 © The Author(s) 2019
Abstract Understanding the properties of any particular biorefinery or pulping residue lignin is crucial when choosing the right lignin for the right end use. In this paper, three different residual lignin types [supercritical water hydrolysis lignin (SCWH), ammonium lignosulfonate (A-LS), and sodium lignosulfonate (S-LS)] were evaluated for their chemical structure, thermal properties and water vapor adsorption behavior. SCWH lignin was found to have a high amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups and the highest amount of β-O-4 linkages. Combined with a low ash content, it shows potential to be used for conversion into aromatic or platform chemicals. A-LS and S-LS had more aliphatic hydroxyl groups, aliphatic double bonds and C=O structures. All lignins had available C 3/C5 positions, which can increase reactivity towards adhesive precursors. The glass transition temperature (Tg) data indicated that the SCWH and S-LS lignin types can be suitable for production of carbon fibers. Lignosulfonates exhibited considerable higher water vapor adsorption as compared to the SCWH lignin. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the SCWH differed greatly from the lignosulfonates in purity, chemical structure, thermal stability and water sorption behavior. SCWH lignin showed great potential as raw material for aromatic compounds, carbon fibers, adhesives or polymers. Lignosulfonates are less suited for conversion into chemicals or carbon fibers, but due to the high amount of aliphatic hydroxyl groups, they can potentially be modified or used as adhesives, dispersants, or reinforcement material in polymers. For most value-adding applications, energy-intensive purification of the lignosulfonates would be required. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Ammonium lignosulfonate · Sodium lignosulfonate · Hydrolysis lignin · Phenolics · Aromatics Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Statement of Novelty Supercritical water hydrolysis (SCWH) lignin is novel type of lignin from a biorefinery process that only uses water. Because of this, SCWH lignin is closer to its natural state than other industrial residual lignin types. In this work, the SCWH biorefinery lignin residue has been compared to another less common biorefinery residual lignin type: lignosulfonates. Chemical, thermal and vapor sorption characterization of the residual lignin types have been done in order to find optimal value-added application.
Introduction Utilization of lignocellulosic raw materials provides an excellent alternative to petroleum based ones, as they are sustainable, do not compete with food sources, and can have a positive impact on reduction of global greenhouse emissions. Value-adding applications are desired especially f
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