Chemical Analysis of Hydrocarbons in Petroleum Oils and the Assessment of Environmental Contamination
The composition of petroleum oils and their products is highly complex. A tiered approach to the chemical analysis is presented, ranging from relatively simple bulk assessments through to intricate fingerprinting techniques. Environmental considerations w
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Analytical Procedures Section Editor: Jan Roelof van der Meer
17 Chemical Analysis of Hydrocarbons in Petroleum Oils and the Assessment of Environmental Contamination J. W. Readman Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon, UK [email protected]. 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3576
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Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3576 Solutions and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3580 Time Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3580 Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3580 Further Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3580
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Research Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3582
K. N. Timmis (ed.), Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_280, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
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Chemical Analysis of Hydrocarbons
Abstract: The composition of petroleum oils and their products is highly complex. A tiered approach to the chemical analysis is presented, ranging from relatively simple bulk assessments through to intricate fingerprinting techniques. Environmental considerations with respect to weathering and degradation are also addressed to afford the assessment of environmental contamination following spillages. More comprehensive texts on the topic are identified.
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Introduction
Petroleum oils consist of many thousands of different compounds. Whilst the majority are hydrocarbons and heterocyclics, composition is dependant upon the source materials laid down and the geological maturation history (longevity, microbial degradation, pressure, temperature and catalytic processes). This complexity has resulted in a myriad of analytical protocols being applied to the chemical analysis of petroleum oils and their products. An additional factor pertaining to this chapter relates to degradation mechanisms and fate processes that occur once petroleum oils enter the environment, in particular microbial degradation, but also dissolution, volatilization and photo-oxidation which all alter the composition. Analytical techniques applied to quantify petroleum oils range from very simple e.g., spectrophotometric and immunochemical techniques, to high resolution gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric protocols. These are usually applied in a tiered fashion to answer questions relating from an overall measu
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