Chromium, manganese, nickel, and cobalt mobility and bioavailability from mafic-to-ultramafic mine spoil weathering in w
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Chromium, manganese, nickel, and cobalt mobility and bioavailability from mafic-to-ultramafic mine spoil weathering in western Massachusetts, USA Justin A. Mistikawy . Trevor J. Mackowiak . Mark J. Butler . Ivan C. Mischenko . Richard S. Cernak Sr. . Justin B. Richardson
Received: 18 November 2019 / Accepted: 10 April 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Fragmented ultramafic bodies in New England were important mineral resources until the early twentieth century, yet few studies have addressed their potential to release trace metals to terrestrial and aquatic environments. Here, we evaluate the release of four trace metals (Cr, Co, Mn, and Ni) from a historic serpentine–talc ‘‘soapstone’’ quarry in Blandford, MA, USA. Soil pits, sediment and rock samples, and stream water samples were collected from upslope undisturbed areas, within the mine spoils and mine face, and downslope of the mine. In order to provide a bottom-up approach for understanding metal release, careful petrographic analysis, electron-dispersive spectroscopy, and wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy were employed to provide first-order insight into the mineralogy of the deposit and a determination of potential metal-bearing phases. Trace metals were primarily observed in ultramafic sheet silicates, primary Fe-oxides, and interstitial weathering-related sulfates. Bulk rock concentrations were Cr (1550 mg kg-1), Co (230 mg kg-1), Mn
(1100 mg kg-1), and Ni (1960 mg kg1); Cr, Co, and Ni were elevated relative to the surrounding country rock. However, soils and sediments total concentrations were comparable to background soil concentrations: Cr (119 mg kg-1), Co (73 mg kg-1), Mn (894 mg kg-1), and Ni (65 mg kg-1). Moreover, \ 0.5% of the total concentrations were bioavailable (0.1 M ammonium acetate extraction), implying that metals are present as insoluble forms. However, * 20% of the total Cr, Mn, Ni, and Co concentrations were strong acid extractable, suggesting mobilization over the coming decades. Stream water concentrations of Mn and Cr were \ 50 lg L-1, below concentrations outlined by USEPA drinking water standards, and WHO water guidelines for Ni. These results suggest that transport of Cr, Mn, Ni, and Co from the serpentine–talc as dissolved compounds or sediments is limited by retention within silicate and oxides. Keywords Biogeochemistry Serpentine soils Ecotoxicology Mine tailings Trace metals
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00566-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Introduction
J. A. Mistikawy T. J. Mackowiak M. J. Butler I. C. Mischenko R. S. Cernak Sr. J. B. Richardson (&) Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA e-mail: [email protected]
Ultramafic bodies constitute less than 1% of all terrestrially exposed rocks (Oze et al. 2007), yet their weathering demands intere
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