Clonal propagation of triploid Acorus calamus Linn. Using dual-phase culture system
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J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2011 (September) 14 (3) : 213 ~ 217 DOI No. 10.1007/s12892-011-0028-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Clonal Propagation of Triploid Acorus calamus Linn. Using Dual-Phase Culture System Ningthoujam Sandhyarani, Rajkumar Kishor*, Gurumayum Jitendra Sharma Tissue Culture Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Study in Life Sciences, Manipur University, Imphal-795003, India Received: May 11, 2011 / Revised: June 24, 2011 / Accepted: August 16, 2011 Ⓒ Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer 2011
Abstract Acorus calamus is an important medicinal plant which has been used in Indian traditional medicine since time immemorial. Various bioactive molecules, viz., acorin, α- and β–asarone, asaryldehyde, caryophylene, isoasarone, methylisoeugenol, and safrol have been isolated from this plant. However, the use of this plant for medicinal purpose has been recently banned due to the high toxic property of β-asarone. The triploid Acorus calamus is reported to be low in β-asarone content and thus found to be the ideal raw material for medicinal use. The present investigation represents our finding for successful in vitro clonal propagation of the elite triploid accessions of Acorus calamus for mass propagation. In the dual-phase culture system consisting of agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog medium overlaid by liquid fraction of the same medium, maximum multiple shoot induction was favored by supplementation of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 mg L-1) and 6-benzylaminopurine (2.0 mg L-1). In vitro rooting of the microshoots was maximum in the medium supplemented with indolebutyric acid at 2.0 mg L-1. The well-rooted microshoots could be successfully hardened and transplanted in the field. This result can be reproduced and is a viable protocol for successful clonal propagation of the seedless triploid Acorus calamus for conservation and sustainable development. Key words: Acorus calamus, antioxidant, β-asarone, multiple shoot induction, triploid
Introduction Acorus calamus Linn. belonging to the family Acoraceae is a perennial littoral plant having great medicinal properties. It is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and known by the common names, viz., sweet flag, sweet grass, and sweet cane. The different cytotypes show great morphological variability and large variations in the chemical composition of the essential oils in the rhizomes and leaves. As a result, they have been considered as representing species or varieties: A. calamus var. americanus for the diploids, Acorus calamus var. calamus (or A. calamus var. vulgaris) for the triploids, and A. calamus var. angustus for the tetraploids (Heng et al. 2010). This plant has been used in traditional medicine since time immemorial for its anti-spasmodic, anti-diarrhoeic, carminative, anti-helminthic, antidepressant, and CNS anxiolytic properties (McGaw et al. 2002). It is Rajkumar Kishor ( ) E-mail: [email protected]
The Korean Society of Crop Science
also used as a tonic, stimulant, and aphrodisiac, and for treating rheumatism, toothache, and respiratory ailments
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