Comparative in silico analysis of Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter with other species for elucidating presence of growth r
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Comparative in silico analysis of Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter with other species for elucidating presence of growth regulating factors (GRFs) Mikias Wondimu Mulat . Vimlendu Bhushan Sinha
Received: 24 January 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter is becoming popular in the world due to its gluten free seeds and suitability to raise under marginal environment unlike major cereals grown worldwide. Growth Regulating Factors (GRF) are class of transcription factors involved in various biological processes and abiotic stress responses. No reports are available on characterization and phylogenetic relationships of GRFs in tef and few only in other plants. In this study, 170 GRF sequences from eleven plants were used as query to BLAST, in the available databases and resulted in four distinct EtGRFs. Two highly conserved QLQ, WRC, and the rare FFD domains were identified in selected range of GRF proteins. Phylogenetic analysis from MEGA-X clustered into 7 major groups and EtGRFs shared common ancestral route with GRFs from Setaria italica var. italica (L.) P. Beauv.), Oryza sativa subsp. indica (L.) Kato, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Panicum hallii Vasey and Zea mays subsp.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-01000-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. W. Mulat V. B. Sinha (&) Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India e-mail: [email protected] M. W. Mulat e-mail: [email protected]
mexicana (Schrad.) H. H. Iltis. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of various binding units known to play ontological roles. Protein structures and association network analysis confirmed EtGRFs as interologs to structural functions of GRF genes in closely related plants. The finding contributes to the understanding of structural and functional roles of GRFs in Eragrostis tef and other cereals. Keywords Abiotic stresses Growth interacting factor (GIF) Growth regulating factors (GRFs) In silico biology Tef Transcription factor Eragrostis tef
Introduction Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], a tropical C4 annual in Ethiopian region is a cereal and cultivated in approximately 3 Mha annually (CSA 2018). Tef has gained demand over a period in countries like Australia, North America, Israel and Netherlands due to the absence of gluten content (Assefa et al. 2017). Plants are sessile but possess inherent ability to withstand the changing environmental shock (Auwal et al. 2016; Ibrahim et al. 2016) and the versatility of tef for adaptation in abiotic stress conditions makes it a promising crop for food security in future (Girma et al. 2018). Although studies on successful adaptation of
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Genet Resour Crop Evol
plants in different abiotic stress conditions are known but still requires wide inve
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