Comparative Studies on Functionalization of Bacterial Magnetic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Comparative Studies on Functionalization of Bacterial Magnetic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Varalakshmi Raguraman1 • K. Suthindhiran1 Received: 14 July 2019 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The study demonstrates the use of bacterial magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) as a drug carrier for the anticancer drug. BMNPs extracted from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1, characterized using microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Drug conjugates were developed by direct binding of crizotinib with lipid membrane of BMNPs (CM) and also by using crosslinkers such as glutaraldehyde (CMG) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) (CMA). The developed conjugates were characterized using microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Drug loading capacity was 670 lg/ml for CM and 162.08 lg/ml and 243.15 lg/ml for CMG and CMA respectively. The drug loading efficiency of drug conjugates CM, CMG and CMA were found to be 67%, 16.2% and 24.3%. The drug release assay revealed slow and stable discharge of crizotinib from CM conjugate (8.2%) compared to CMG (88.33%) and CMA (58.46%) at 48 h. The cytotoxicity of CM was found to be high in comparison with BMNPs, CMG, CMA and crizotinib as tested on cell lines: A549, MCF-7 and HeLa. Our study establishes that the direct attachment of crizotinib with BMNPs shows better coupling with higher loading efficiency and long-term release compared to use of linkers. Further studies are needed to validate the results using animal models and also for targeted drug delivery. Keywords BMNPs Crizotinib BMNPs-drug conjugates Drug delivery Glutaraldehyde APTES Abbreviations BMPs Bacterial magnetic nanoparticles MTB Magnetotactic bacteria DSMZ Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen MSGM Magnetospirillum growth medium FTIR Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy HRTEM High-resolution transmission electron microscopy XRD X-ray diffraction TGA Thermogravimetric analysis AFM Atomic force microscopy CM Crizotinib-magnetosome complex CMG Crizotinib-magnetosome complex prepared via glutaraldehyde CMA Crizotinib-magnetosome complex prepared via APTES & K. Suthindhiran [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, India
Introduction The slow treatment process in cancer has led to an attempt in the field of nanotechnology for an advanced and efficient treatment using drug delivery system. Targeted drug delivery is a fascinating field of research that has captured a great attention in recent years [1]. Targeted drug delivery refers to the delivery of drug to the target site thereby increasing the therapeutic effect as well as reduced toxicity. It can be achieved by active and passive targeting. The benefits of nanoparticles mediated drug delivery are high therapeutic efficacy and targeting efficiency. The drug delivery system can minimise the
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