Complex patterns of genetic and morphological differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass subspecies ( Micropterus dolomieu d
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Complex patterns of genetic and morphological differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass subspecies (Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu and M. d. velox) of the Central Interior Highlands Joe C. Gunn1 · Leah K. Berkman2 · Jeff Koppelman2 · Andrew T. Taylor3 · Shannon Brewer4 · James M. Long4 · Lori S. Eggert1 Received: 4 December 2019 / Accepted: 19 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Due to geologic processes and recent anthropogenic introductions, patterns of genetic and morphological diversity within the Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu), which are endemic to the central and eastern United States (USA), are poorly understood. We assessed genetic and morphological differentiation between the widespread Northern Smallmouth Bass (M. d. dolomieu) and the more restricted Neosho Smallmouth Bass (M. d. velox) where their ranges meet in the Central Interior Highlands ecoregion (CIH). Data from 14 microsatellite loci were used to conduct Structure and principal components analyses to evaluate diversity across populations and screen for hybridization with sympatric Spotted Bass (M. punctulatus). We also tested for morphological differences using five morphometric traits and one meristic trait. We found support for three genetic clusters corresponding to previously described taxonomic variation; five clusters largely corresponding to river systems; and nine clusters representing hierarchical population structure within both ranges. We found evidence of a unique genetic cluster in tributaries of the White River within the Northern Smallmouth Bass range and admixture between the subspecies throughout the Neosho range. We also found evidence of morphological differentiation between subspecies; Neosho Smallmouth Bass exhibited larger head length than Northern Smallmouth Bass relative to total length, and there was a significant interaction of subspecies and orbital length, possibly indicating differential growth patterns between subspecies. Our results reveal multiple levels of divergence, suggesting the CIH harbors greater and more complex Smallmouth Bass diversity than previously thought. Keywords Admixture · Introduced species · Structure · Diversity · Evolution · Morphometrics
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01295-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Joe C. Gunn [email protected] 1
Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 226 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
2
Missouri Department of Conservation, 3500 E. Gans Rd., Columbia, MO 65201, USA
3
Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
4
U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
Preserving genetic integrity is important for all locally adapted taxa, from crops (Hails and
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