Computed Microtomography of the Third Instar Larva of the Eastern Fruit Fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) (Diptera,
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uted Microtomography of the Third Instar Larva of the Eastern Fruit Fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) (Diptera, Tephritidae), with New Data on Morphological Characters of Fruit Fly Larvae Useful for Species Diagnostics T. V. Galinskayaa,b, O. G. Ovtshinnikovac,*, I. O. Kamaevb, M. Yu. Arapovaa,b, and L. Yu. Kryuchkovad Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234 Russia Scientific and Methodological Department of Entomology, All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center, Bykovo, Moscow oblast, 140150 Russia c Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia d St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia a
b
*e-mail: [email protected] Received February 28, 2020; revised March 9, 2020; accepted March 9, 2020
Abstract—The muscular system of the larva of the eastern fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) (Diptera, Tephritidae), a quarantine pest of many fruit crops, was studied by X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT). The larval muscles of Bactrocera dorsalis were compared with those of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera, Drosophilidae), since the latter is the most thoroughly studied larva among the Diptera Cyclorrhapha. Although the two species belong to different unrelated families, they were found to possess similar sets of muscles, differing largely in places of attachment and degree of development. The more strongly developed muscles associated with the cephaloskeleton and mouth hooks in Bactrocera dorsalis as compared with Drosophila melanogaster may be related to the different density of their substrates: the larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis make tunnels in fruit tissues and (before pupation) in soil, while those of Drosophila melanogaster develop in decaying substrates. Keywords: Diptera, Bactrocera dorsalis, X-ray computed microtomography, diagnostics, quarantine species DOI: 10.1134/S0013873820040089
The eastern fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) (Diptera, Tephritidae) is a very rapidly dispersing Southeast Asian species, which in the recent decades has widely spread over the African continent. This pest damages fruits of over 200 plant species, including the sweetsop Annona squamosa L., apple Malus pumila Mill., banana Musa paradisiaca L., peppers Capsicum sp., guava Psidium guajava L., mango Mangifera indica L., sweet orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Pers. and other Citrus species, papaya Carica papaya L., peach Persica vulgaris Mill., plum Prunus domestica L., pears Pyrus spp., etc. Due to its high invasive potential, the ability to adapt to new host plants, and the records of its larvae in
imported fruit, Bactrocera dorsalis has been recognized as a quarantine pest in many countries, including members of the Eurasian Economic Union (Vorobiova and Kamayev, 2017). The larvae of Tephritidae can be identified by internal and external morphological features (Kandybina, 1977; White and Elson-Harris, 1992; Carroll et al., 2004; Kamayev, 2017, etc.); yet their identification is very difficult due to the scarcity of diagnostic ch
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