Coupling and coordination analysis of urbanization, economy and environment of Shandong Province, China
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Coupling and coordination analysis of urbanization, economy and environment of Shandong Province, China Yuanfang Wang1 · Qijin Geng1 · Xiaohui Si2 · Liping Kan3 Received: 13 November 2019 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Extensive urbanization and industrialization are taking place in eastern China, resulting in huge challenges on environmental quality. In this case, a coupling and coordination model to analyze the complex relationship between urbanization, economy and environment was developed. The corresponding composite system was built using system dynamics, consisted of urbanization level, urbanization efficiency, social impact, industrial structure, economic level, resource utilization, environmental pollution and environmental protection. Based on the statistics data of each component in temporal sequence (2006–2017) of Shandong province, the inherent relationship of the composite system was explored. The results showed that (1) the key influencing factors of the composite system were environmental pollution level, environmental protection intensity, urbanization extent, industrial structure type, and resource utilization efficiency (in descending order of importance); (2) the coordination degree between economy and urbanization subsystem was the lowest, therefore much more efforts should be made on the coordinated development between urbanization evolution and economic growth; (3) the coupling degree reached a high level for both subsystems and the composite system, in contrast, the coordination degree exhibited an increasing trend from low-level coordination to medium coordination. It is necessary to enhance the coordinated development of urbanization, economy and environment, to achieve sustainable development of ecological civilized society. Keywords Composite system · Urbanization-economy-environment · Coupling degree · Coordination degree
* Yuanfang Wang [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry and Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, Shandong, China
2
Yantai City Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
3
Zibo City Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
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Y. Wang et al.
1 Introduction Global urbanization has been unprecedentedly accelerating as a consequence of rapid socioeconomic growth. The number of people living in towns and cities increased from 751 million in 1950 to 4.2 billion in 2018 (United Nations 2018). Nearly 55% of world population lives in urban areas at present. Since 2006, the growth rate of China’s urbanization has been increasing at a rate of over 1% per year. By 2011, urban population exceeded agricultural population for the first time, accounting for more than 50%. By 2017, China’s urbanization rate was 58.52% (National Bureau of Statistics 2018), which was much higher than the global level. Global urbanization rate is forecast to rise up to 68% by 2050. As a result, the total urban population will increase by 2.5 billion at gl
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