Creation of Supersonic Civil Aviation in Russia
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tion of Supersonic Civil Aviation in Russia V. M. Kraeva, *, M. V. Siluyanovaa, **, and A. I. Tikhonova, *** aMoscow
Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] ***e-mail: [email protected]
Received November 10, 2019; revised November 11, 2019; accepted November 13, 2019
Abstract—The creation of Russian supersonic passenger planes is considered. The development of promising airliners for no more than 20 passengers is discussed. A hybrid power unit consisting of turbojet and supersonic ramjet engines is proposed. The proposed hybrid system performs well both in ascent and descent and in cruising. This approach has undeniable economic and engineering benefits. Keywords: aviation industry, supersonic passenger planes, civil aviation, power units, ramjet engine, turbojet engine 10.3103/S1068798X20090063
Aviation is an essential means of connecting remote regions, with obvious economic benefits. Often, large-scale projects are stymied for want of any means of transporting the labor force, materials, and other resources from one point to another. Given the vast territorial extent of Russia, internal transportation is a decisive factor in many business decisions. This is a particular concern in exploiting the natural resources of Siberia, the Far East, and the Arctic. We have stressed the importance of these considerations in [1‒5]. Aviation transport has indisputable benefits over other options. Those benefits include rapid transfer of passengers and goods. With the long routes typical of Russia, the development of supersonic passenger planes is of great interest. Over the past 50 years, efforts have been made to mass-produce supersonic aircraft in Russia. Besides the legendary Tu-144, Tupolev has developed several projects that are less well-known: the Tu-244, Tu-344, and Tu-444. The main difference between the Tu-144 and Tu-244 airplanes is that the nose of the latter does not bend downward (with unchanged cabin parameters). The Tu-344 airplane, which is designed for 10‒12 passengers, is based on the Tu-22M3 missileequipped bomber. The design for the Tu-444 aircraft, with 6–10 passengers, appeared in 2008. In 1981, Sukhoi began the development of the Sukhoi Supersonic Business Jet (SSBJ), but this project was discontinued at the beginning of this century. Several countries are developing supersonic passenger planes at present. Aerion in the United States is developing the 12-seat AS2 aircraft [6]. In Europe, at
the 2011 Paris Air Show, the Airbus Group (formerly EADS) demonstrated the concept of an airplane potentially capable of speeds exceeding Mach 4: the Zero Emission HyperSonic Transport (ZEHST) [7]. Boom Supersonic (United States) already has orders for 76 supersonic aircraft; its customers include the world’s five largest airlines [8]. Spike Aerospace (United States) has developed the Spike S-512 aircraft for the transportation of 18 passengers at Mach 1.6 [9]. Supersonic Business Jet is developing the Quiet Supersonic Transport (QSST) for flights at Mach 1.6– 1.8. T
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