Cryptic diversity in fruit fly, Zeugodacus isolatus (Hardy) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
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Cryptic diversity in fruit fly, Zeugodacus isolatus (Hardy) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Chonticha Kunprom 1 & Pairot Pramual 1 Received: 18 September 2019 / Accepted: 28 April 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Zeugodacus isolatus (Hardy) is a member of the Z. tau complex, a group of significant pest fruit flies. Therefore, fully understanding the taxonomy and biodiversity of this species-complex is of paramount importance for its effective subsequent management. In this study, morphologicalcharactersandmoleculargeneticdatabasedonsequencesofthreegeneswereusedtoexaminevariationsinZ.isolatus(Hardy) in Thailand. Median joining haplotype networks revealed two genetically divergent lineages (A and B) among members of Z. isolatus in Thailand. Morphological examinations revealed that these genetic lineages are clearly different in many characteristics including body size, postgena colors and scutum color patterns. Although they coexist and use the same host plant species, the distinct genetic lineages and differing morphological characters suggest that they are possibly reproductively isolated and different biological species. Keywords Zeugodacus tau complex . Genetic divergence . Insect pests . Morphology
Introduction Fruit flies of the family Tephritidae comprise more than 5000 species (UchÔa 2012). Many fruit fly species are significant agricultural pests (Aluja and Norrbom 2000) and many of them are members of a species complex in which individual species are morphologically difficult to distinguish (White and ElsonHarris 1992; Schutze et al. 2017). Therefore, an integrated approach using both molecular genetics and morphological characteristics is necessary for better understanding biodiversity of these significant insects. In Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, fruit flies of subgenus Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae), particularly the B. dorsalis complex, are the most significant pests of diverse tropical fruits (Drew and Romig 1997), while those of the genus Zeugodacus Hendel are pests of commercially important plants primarily of the family Cucurbitacae (Jamnongluk et al. 2003), particularly Z. tau (Walker), Z. caudatus (Fabricius), Z. macrophyllae (Drew & Roming), Z. tapervitta (Mahmood) and Z. trichosanthes (Drew & Roming).
* Pairot Pramual [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Zeugodacus isolatus (Hardy) is a member of the Z. tau complex which is comprises 21 species (Drew and Romig 2013). Zeugodacus isolatus was first described from specimens that infested Citrus nobilis in Nan province, northern Thailand (Drew and Romig 2013). This species has also been recorded in China, Lao PDR and Vietnam (Drew and Romig 2013). Apart from infesting C. nobilis this fruit fly also infests seven host plant species (Capparis grandis, C. micracantha, C. pyrifolia, C. sepiaria, C. siamensis, C. thorellii and Maerua siamensis) of the family Capparaceae (Allwood et al. 1999). A DN
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