Dependence of Trematode Fauna of the Waterbirds of Azerbaijan on Their Seasonal Migration
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SITOLOGY OF HYDROBIONTS
Dependence of Trematode Fauna of the Waterbirds of Azerbaijan on Their Seasonal Migration E. A. Mahmudovaa, * and Sh. R. Ibrahimova aInstitute
of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan *e-mail: [email protected]
Received September 13, 2019; revised December 10, 2019; accepted January 28, 2020
Abstract—An analysis of 181 species of trematodes according to the results of a complete helminthological autopsy of 1970 specimens of 80 waterbird species from reservoirs located in various regions of Azerbaijan has been carried out. Among 181 species of trematodes, 78 species are of northern origin, 39 species are of southern origin, and 64 species are ubiquists. A total of 135 species of trematodes are found in the birds permanently living, nesting, and wintering in Azerbaijan; 53 species are found in the birds that only nest there, 56 species are found in overwintering birds, and 15 species are found in the birds that just rest there during their migration. Among the trematodes found in wetland birds, 139 species are able to infect birds in the studied areas and are considered local forms; 42 species whose maritae are detected in nesting and wintering wetland birds but whose metacercariae were not found in invertebrates and fish are classified as alien species. The clear predominance of local forms in the trematode fauna of Azerbaijan’s wetland birds indicates that there are favorable conditions in its waters for birds to become infected with these parasites. Keywords: water bodies, waterbirds, parasites, Trematodes, migrations, Azerbaijan DOI: 10.1134/S1995082920030116
INTRODUCTION In the northern and temperate latitudes, where seasonal changes in environmental conditions are wellexpressed, many birds migrate twice a year to nesting sites and wintering places. Due to the high length of the migration path, they make stops for rest and feeding. Most wetland birds are characterized by seasonal migrations. In some species, some populations migrate northward in the spring to breed, while other populations in the south nest and breed throughout life. Living constantly or temporarily in a reservoir, birds not only use its resources to maintain their vital activity, but also contribute to its enrichment with organic substances (Krylov et al., 2013). Migrating birds become infected with helminths in both breeding places and wintering areas. Making allowance for this fact, Dogel (1949) divided the helminths of migratory birds into the following three groups, depending on where birds become infected. The first group is the northern species, which infect birds in nesting areas; they can also be observed in wintering areas, where they are brought by birds from northern regions but do not infect them. The second group is southern species that infect birds in wintering areas; they do not infect birds at nesting sites, but can be brought there by them. The third group is ubiquists, which infect birds in both nesting areas and wintering
areas; they are ecologically more flexible than
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