Deposition, morphology and functional properties of layers based on DLC:Si and DLC:N on polyurethane
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Deposition, morphology and functional properties of layers based on DLC:Si and DLC:N on polyurethane Karol Kyzioł1 · Piotr Jabłoński1 · Wiktor Niemiec1 · Janusz Prażuch1 · Daniel Kottfer2 · Aneta Łętocha3 · Łukasz Kaczmarek4 Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract DLC:Si and DLC:N (diamond-like carbons doped with Si or N) functional layers in different configurations are deposited on polyurethane (PU) for bioengineering applications using CCP (capacitively coupled plasma) discharge generated in the PE CVD (plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition) system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations show that the obtained single and multilayers are continuous and well adherent to the substrates, but they differ in surface morphologies. DLC:Si layers form granular-like outer surfaces, while DLC:N ones a mosaic structure of plain areas. Topography analyses by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical profilometry reveal that Si-doped layers are characterized by significantly higher surface roughness (Ra ca. 5 nm) in comparison to N-doped layers (Ra ca. 0.3 nm) and also higher values of profile roughness parameter Rz (up to 32 μm vs. about 13 μm). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicates the homogenous chemical composition of the layers. DLC:N layers, are characterized by significantly higher polar component of surface free energy (up to ca. 5.0 mJ/m2). DLC:Si layers exhibit higher values of diiodomethane contact angle (up to ca. 90°) compared with DLC:N layers (up to ca. 55°). The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurements (ATR-FTIR) of the layers reveal that the addition of silicon to the DLC structure increases the content of terminal CHn bonds (n = 1, 2, 3) as well as beneficial Si–H and Si–CHn bonds, which significantly reduce the internal stresses in the layers. Both DLC:Si and DLC:N layers exhibit no cytotoxic effects using the human osteoblast-like cell line and human keratinocytes. Keywords Polyurethane · DLC-based coatings · RF CVD · Surface roughness · Biocompatibility
1 Introduction Polymers are an interesting group of engineering materials, which, due to their attractive properties, for example a quite good chemical resistance, low weight as well as * Karol Kyzioł [email protected] 1
Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30 059 Kraków, Poland
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Technologies and Materials, Technical University in Kosice, Masiarska 74, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
3
Łukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology, Zakopianska Str. 73, 30 418 Kraków, Poland
4
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Łódz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Str. 1/15, 90 924 Łódz, Poland
biocompatibility, are used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine [1]. This group includes, among others, polyethylene (PE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly
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