Determination of cyanogenic glycosides in endemic species of wild almond seeds in the Zagros Mountains
- PDF / 1,429,772 Bytes
- 8 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 43 Downloads / 190 Views
BIOCHEMISTRY & PHYSIOLOGY - ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Determination of cyanogenic glycosides in endemic species of wild almond seeds in the Zagros Mountains Omid‑Ali Amjadian1 · Isa Arji2 · Mahdi Changizi3 · Shahab Khaghani3 · Hamid‑Reza Salehi4 Received: 5 July 2020 / Revised: 14 October 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 / Published online: 26 October 2020 © Botanical Society of Sao Paulo 2020
Abstract Prunus amygdalus Batsch is the most popular medicinal plant that has been widely used in traditional medicine in Iran. Almond seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that are toxic after consumption. This study aimed to determine the components of cyanogenic glycoside in the seeds of four native almond species in the Zagros Mountains. Amygdalin, prunasin and linamarin were detected as the most predominant cyanogen in wild almond seeds, respectively. The amygdalin content ranged from 176 to 3076 mg/100 g DW in different regions. Different amounts of 83–386 mg/100 g of prunasin were recorded in almond seeds. Linamarin was detected in the seeds of wild almond species not previously reported in Prunus species. Linamarin content varied from 25.1 to 90.1 mg/100 g in Prunus orientalis (Mill.) Koehne in the Paveh and Sonqor, respectively. Similarly, amygdalin, prunasin and limanarin contents were affected by species and environment. The results indicated the importance of taking wild almond seed consumption with caution by indigenous people. Keywords Amygdalin · Amygdalus · Bitter compounds · Prunasin · Linamarin · Kermanshah Abbreviations DW Dry weight ABS Absorbance HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography A. Amygdalus
1 Introduction Almond “[Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb. syn. P. amygdalus Batsch]” belongs to the Prunus genus and Amygdalus subgenus, which has been cultivated worldwide since ancient times (Kester and Gradizel 1996). Central Asia * Isa Arji [email protected] 1
Department of Horticultural Science (Medical Plants), Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
2
Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
4
Department of Chemistry, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
is known as the origin of almond (Grasselly 1976). It is believed that Iran and Anatolia are the central origins of the almonds (Zohary and Hopf 2000). Several wild almond species have been distributed in different regions of Iran (Sorkheh et al. 2009). Almond is an endemic tree species of Iran which is distributed in the Zagros and Alborz mountains. So far, more than 20 wild almond species and 7 interspecies hybrids have been reported in Iran, in which 10 species are indigenous (Rahemi et al. 2011). Wild almond species are economically important in terms of medicinal, industrial and food properties. Native people have been used different parts of wild almonds including fresh fruit,
Data Loading...
