Development of an Adsorbent for Bisphenol A Based on a Polymer Grafted from Microcrystalline Cellulose
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Development of an Adsorbent for Bisphenol A Based on a Polymer Grafted from Microcrystalline Cellulose Julián D. Porras & Sandra M. Arteta & Leon D. Pérez
Received: 4 May 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract We aimed to develop a sustainable adsorbent for bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor that seriously threatens human health. First, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was reacted with 2bromoisobutyrylbromide to obtain a surface initiator (SI) for the grafting of polystyrene (PS), poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA), and poly(N,Ndimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDM) through ARGET-ATRP. These polymers may have favorably interacted with BPA, which led to its removal. SIs were characterized by FTIR and XPS to corroborate the grafting of 2-bromoisobutyryl and determine its abundance. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated retained crystal morphology with decreased MCC crystallinity. FTIR, thermogravimetric, and elemental analyses confirmed the grafting of MCC with polymers and revealed their composition. PS and PLMA had a minor effect on the crystallinity and morphology of MCC microfibers, whereas grafting PDM decreased the crystallinity of cellulose and the particle size. MCC grafted with polymers were tested Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04861-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. D. Porras : S. M. Arteta : L. D. Pérez (*) Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, edificio 451 of 449, Bogota D.C., Colombia e-mail: [email protected] S. M. Arteta Laboratorio de Pruebas y Ensayos de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota D.C., Colombia
as adsorbents of BPA by measuring the equilibrium uptake and removal through column filtration. PDM was found to endow cellulose with superior capacity of removing BPA, which was enhanced with increased amount of grafted polymer. A comparison of MCC grafted with PDM with activated carbon as adsorbents of BPA suggested the superior performance of the developed materials based on the largest maximum uptake. Keywords Microcrystalline cellulose . ARGETATRP . Bisphenol A . Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)
1 Introduction Nowadays, pollution of water sources with substances used in day-to-day life has become a serious threat to human health and wild ecosystems’ subsistence. An important series of new contaminants, called emerging pollutants, are present in water at low concentration. Some of these pollutants are not completely removed during conventional water treatment and can be even transformed into more toxic compounds. Additionally, these compounds are not regulated in several countries (Westerhoff et al. 2005; Peña-Guzmán et al. 2019). One such compound is bisphenol A (BPA), which is an important raw material for the fabrication of plastics and resins (Bhatnagar and Anastopoulos 2017) and is an emerging pollutant frequently detected i
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