Development of methods for ultrasonic scanning of X-ray wavelength
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Development of Methods for Ultrasonic Scanning of X-ray Wavelength A. E. Blagova,b,*, Yu. V. Pisarevskiia,b, P. A. Prosekova,b, A. V. Targonskiia,b, Ya. A. Eliovicha,b, A. I. Protsenkoa,b, and M. V. Koval’chuka,b a Shubnikov
Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics,” Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia b National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, 123182 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 21, 2017
Abstract—The method for X-ray wavelength tuning using an adaptive element (a quartz monolithic resonator modulated by a standing longitudinal low-frequency ultrasonic wave) has been proposed and implemented. This method is characterized by high tuning accuracy and possibility of scanning X-ray beam parameters with a time resolution of up to 3 μs. DOI: 10.1134/S1063774517060037
INTRODUCTION In the last decade, much attention has been paid to X-ray–acoustic (XRА) interactions in crystals, which can be used to control the X-ray beam parameters using long-wavelength ultrasonic systems in the resonance mode (when the width h of the X-ray exposure area on the sample surface is much smaller than the ultrasonic wavelength λs) [1]. The main specific feature of this approach is the possibility of forming an X-ray beam with controlled spatial, spectral, and temporal structures [2, 3]. The technique of scanning (analysis) over the X-ray wavelength (spectrum) in the double-crystal antiparallel diffraction geometry was proposed and implemented for the first time in [4]. In this scheme, a profile of characteristic Kα1 line of an X-ray tube with a molybdenum anode was obtained by exciting a standing ultrasonic wave in the second crystal. The development of X-ray spectroscopy methods [5] (e.g., EXAFS or XANES) in combination with time-resolved experiments is expected to implement all advantages of these methods when studying dynamic objects and systems; transient processes; and the kinetics of many important processes in physics, chemistry, and biology. Important applications are related to the possibility of controlling wavelength in experiments on multiwavelength diffraction [6]. In this study, we proposed and implemented a single-crystal diffraction scheme and showed the possibilities of modulating the X-ray wavelength using a monolithic XRA element [7] (resonator of longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations) based on a piezoelectric quartz crystal.
DEVELOPMENT OF ELEMENTS OF ADAPTIVE X-RAY OPTICS AND ANALYSIS OF THEIR CHARACTERISTICS The X-ray beam spectral characteristics modulation was realized using adaptive elements of XRA optics: resonators of longitudinal low-frequency (fres ~ 102 kHz) ultrasonic vibrations. The most important characteristics of an XRA element, which determine the possibilities of ultrasonic methods, are the crystal structural quality, resonator Q factor, excitation of pure ultrasonic mode, uniform variation in the lattice parameter over the X-ray beam cross section, and the te
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