Developmental Toxicology

Developmental toxicology is the study of pharmacokinetics, mechanisms, pathogenesis, and outcomes following exposure to agents or conditions leading to abnormal development. Developmental toxicology includes teratology, or the study of structural birth de

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Problem Solving Questions in Toxicology A Study Guide for the Board and other Examinations

Problem Solving Questions in Toxicology

P K Gupta

Problem Solving Questions in Toxicology A Study Guide for the Board and other Examinations

P K Gupta Former Chief of the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Director of the Toxicology Consulting Group; President of the Academy of Sciences for Animal Welfare Bareilly, India

ISBN 978-3-030-50408-3    ISBN 978-3-030-50409-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50409-0 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Dedicated to my wife Rakesh, sons Vikas and Pankaj and grandson Dhruvik PK Gupta

Preface

This book, “Toxicology: Problem Solving Question,” is aimed to make the study of toxicology simple and understandable. It is a general experience that theoretical description does not attract as much attention and interest; at the same time, the information learnt through questions and their satisfactory replies make the topics easier to grasp them. The book is subdivided into 8 units consisting of 24 chapters dealing with various aspects of toxicology such as historical glimpse and stalwarts, general toxicology, principles of toxicology, mechanism of toxicity, disposition of toxicants, toxicokinetics of xenobiotics, target organ toxicity, chemical carcinogenesis, genetic toxicology, developmental toxicology, pesticides, metals and micronutrients, solvents, gasses, and vapors, toxicology of nanomaterials, toxic effects of calories, plant toxicity, biotoxins and venomous organis