Diel Variation in CC Chemokine Gene Expression in the Japanese Pufferfish Takifugu rubripes
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Diel Variation in CC Chemokine Gene Expression in the Japanese Pufferfish Takifugu rubripes Yuri Tsutsui 1 & Teika Onoue 2 & Jun-ichi Hikima 1 & Masahiro Sakai 1 & Tomoya Kono 1 Received: 4 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract CC chemokines are key molecules in the regulation of leukocyte trafficking to the site of injury, infection, or inflammation. In recent years, some mammalian chemokines have been shown to exhibit rhythmic expression, regulated by clock genes. However, the rhythmic expression of chemokines in teleost fish remains unknown. In the present study, the diel variation of teleost CC chemokine genes was investigated using the model fish, Fugu (Takifugu rubripes). Diel variation analysis revealed that clock (bmal1, clock1, per2, rorĪ±, and rev-erbĪ²) and CC chemokine (ccl18l, ccl19, and ccl25l) genes show diel expression under 12:12 light-dark cycle (LD12:12) conditions. CC chemokine genes, which exhibit diel expression, contain RORE (ccl18l, ccl19, ccl25l) and/or E-box (ccl25l) motifs in their transcription regulatory region. Moreover, in vitro head kidney stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at different zeitgeber times (ZT) under LD12:12 conditions affected the degree of ccl18l, ccl19, and ccl25l expression; high and low responsiveness to LPS stimulation at ZT12 and ZT0 (ccl25l), and ZT16 and ZT4 (ccl18l and ccl19), respectively, were observed. These results suggest that the expression of some fish CC chemokines is affected by the diel variation regulated by clock proteins, and that responsiveness against bacterial infection depends on the time zone. Keywords Fugu . CC chemokine . Gene expression . Diel variation
Introduction Chemokines are a superfamily of chemoattractant cytokines, which play a role in cell migration (blood to tissue and vice versa). Under inflammatory conditions, chemokines recruit a wide range of immune cells to the site of bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection (Proost et al. 1996). Under normal physiological conditions, chemokines regulate the homing, maturation, and microenvironmental segregation of immune cells to lymphoid organs (Cyster et al. 1999; Warnock et al. 2000). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-020-09988-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tomoya Kono [email protected] 1
Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
2
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
Thus, chemokines play an important role in the regulation of numerous biological processes, such as the immune response against pathogens, and maturation and homeostasis of the immune system. Chemokines are classified into four subfamilies, i.e., C, CC, CXC, and CX3C according to the
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