Diet, Gut Microbiota and COVID-19
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Diet, Gut Microbiota and COVID-19 Praveen Rishi1 • Khemraj Thakur1 • Shania Vij1 • Lavanya Rishi2 • Aagamjit Singh3 • Indu Pal Kaur4 • Sanjay K. S. Patel5 • Jung-Kul Lee5 Vipin C. Kalia5
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Received: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 Ó Association of Microbiologists of India 2020
Abstract Worldwide, millions of individuals have been affected by the prevailing SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, a robust immune system remains indispensable, as an immunocompromised host status has proven to be fatal. In the absence of any specific antiviral drug/vaccine, COVID19 related drug repurposing along with various other nonpharmacological measures coupled with lockdown have been employed to combat this infection. In this context, a plant based rich fiber diet, which happens to be consumed by a majority of the Indian population, appears to be advantageous, as it replenishes the host gut microbiota with beneficial microbes thereby leading to a symbiotic association conferring various health benefits to the host including enhanced immunity. Further, implementation of the lockdown which has proven to be a good non-pharmacological measure, seems to have resulted in consumption of home cooked healthy diet, thereby enriching the beneficial microflora in the gut, which might have & Praveen Rishi [email protected]; [email protected] & Jung-Kul Lee [email protected] & Vipin C. Kalia [email protected] 1
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, South Campus, Chandigarh, India
2
Panjab University Campus, Chandigarh, India
3
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
4
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
5
Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
resulted in better prognosis of COVID-19 patients in India in comparison to that observed in the western countries. Keywords Association COVID-19 Diet Dysbiosis Gut microbiota Symbiosis
Introduction Ever since the outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, China in December 2019, it has rapidly spread throughout the globe. In view of the scourge of this disease world over, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 [1]. By now, it has affected approximately 16.5 million people worldwide (as on 28th July, 2020) and the number continues to increase. Thus, the entire human population is being threatened to get exposed to this highly contagious virus sooner or later [2]. Infection with COVID-19 has been associated with significant mortality, particularly in the high-risk group such as health care providers and elderly people, with or without comorbidities [3, 4]. Very recently, it has been proposed that people with an underlying chronic inflammation of the gut are more predisposed to a heightened cytokine storm when infected with this virus [5]. Cytokine storm has been defined as the over-production of early response cytokines leading to an increased risk of vascular hyper-permeability,
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