Differences in anti-inflammatory properties of water soluble and insoluble bioactive polysaccharides in lipopolysacchari
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Differences in anti-inflammatory properties of water soluble and insoluble bioactive polysaccharides in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages Chun-Han Su 1 & Yun-Ting Tseng 1 & Kai-Yin Lo 1 & Ming-Nan Lai 2 & Lean-Teik Ng 1 Received: 20 November 2019 / Revised: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract β-Linked polysaccharides including β-glucans are well known to be important functional ingredients, and are known to possess immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties and participating receptor of water soluble and insoluble bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa (GFP, non-digestible water soluble polysaccharides), Laminaria digitata (laminarin, a water soluble β-glucan) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (zymosan, a water insoluble β-glucan) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated parental and Dectin-1 highly expressing RAW264.7 macrophages. Results showed that GFP and laminarin significantly inhibited nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production, but only the GFP with high molecular weight exhibited strong inhibition on pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. The activation of NF-κB was also significantly down-regulated by GFP treatment as compared with cells treated with LPS alone. Although GFP and laminarin were able to bind to β-glucan receptor Dectin-1, there was no relationship between the inhibitory potency and the content of β-glucans in GFP, and these inhibitory effects were not affected by the expression level of Dectin-1 in macrophage cells. In contrast, zymosan significantly intensified LPS-induced inflammatory responses through Dectin-1. In conclusion, these results suggest that the inhibitory effects of water soluble polysaccharides on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in murine macrophages may not involve β-glucan receptor Dectin-1. Keywords Anti-inflammatory . Dectin-1 . Polysaccharides . β-Glucans . RAW264.7 macrophages
Introduction Non-digestible or β-linked polysaccharides including βglucans from fungi and plants are recognized as good sources of dietary fiber and functional foods [1, 2]; they have been demonstrated to possess multiple biological activities, such as immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antidiabetic and others [3, 4]. Studies have reported that the bioactivities of polysaccharides were affected by their physicochemical properties (e.g. monosaccharide composition, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-020-09934-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lean-Teik Ng [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
2
Kang Jian Biotech Co., Ltd., Nantou 54245, Taiwan
molecular weight and linkage pattern), and a high level of biological efficacy of f
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