Diffusion and Transport of Hydrogen
The diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in metals are described together with measuring methods such as electrochemical permeation transients. The effects of diffusion process on diffusion coefficients are presented including stochastic treatments. Experim
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Fundamentals of Hydrogen Embrittlement
Fundamentals of Hydrogen Embrittlement
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Michihiko Nagumo
Fundamentals of Hydrogen Embrittlement
Michihiko Nagumo Professor Emeritus Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology Waseda University Tokyo Japan
ISBN 978-981-10-0160-4 ISBN 978-981-10-0161-1 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0161-1
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015960841 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by SpringerNature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd.
Preface
Hydrogen embrittlement or degradation of mechanical properties by hydrogen is a latent problem for structural materials. The problem is serious particularly for highstrength steels, and its importance is increasing with recent needs for hydrogen energy equipment. Hydrogen embrittlement has been studied for many decades, but its nature is still an unsettled issue. Two reasons are most likely: one is its interdisciplinary attribute covering electrochemistry, materials science, and mechanics, making comprehensive understanding difficult. The other is experimental difficulty in detecting hydrogen behaviors directly. Hydrogen, the lightest element on the periodic table, is mobile and insensitive to external excitations. Coupled with normally very low concentrations of hydrogen, information on its states in materials is limited and most notions must remain speculative about the function of hydrogen. However, recent remarkable advances in experimental techniques in analyses of hydrogen states and of microstructures of materials are unveiling the entity of embrittlement and stimulating new aspects on the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement. Now is the time to put in order diverse results and notions on hydrogen embrittlement and to prepare the direction to establish principles for materials design and usage against h
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