Diversity of Archaea in Brazilian savanna soils
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Diversity of Archaea in Brazilian savanna soils E. Cata˜o • A. P. Castro • C. C. Barreto R. H. Kru¨ger • C. M. Kyaw
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Received: 29 November 2012 / Revised: 27 February 2013 / Accepted: 5 March 2013 / Published online: 21 March 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Although the richness of Bacteria and Fungi in Cerrado’ soils has been reported, here we report, for the first time, the archaeal community in Cerrado’s soils. DNA extracted from soil of two distinct vegetation types, a dense subtype of sensu strict (cerrado denso) and riverbank forest (mata de galeria), was used to amplify Archaea-specific 16S rRNA gene. All of the fragments sequenced were classified as Archaea into the phylum Thaumarchaeota, predominantly affiliated to groups I.1b and I.1c. Sequences affiliated to the group I.1a were found only in the soil from riverbank forest. Soils from ‘cerrado denso’ had greater Archaea richness than those from ‘mata de galeria’ based on the richness indexes and on the rarefaction curve. b-Diversity analysis showed significant differences between the sequences from the two soil areas studied because of their different thaumarchaeal group composition. These results provide information about the third domain of life from Cerrado soils.
Communicated by Harald Huber.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-013-0882-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. E. Cata˜o C. M. Kyaw (&) Laborato´rio de Microbiologia, Dept. de Biologia Celular, Bloco I, Instituto de Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas, Universidade de Brası´lia (UnB), Cep. 700910-900 Brası´lia, DF, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] A. P. Castro R. H. Kru¨ger Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brası´lia, Brası´lia, Brazil C. C. Barreto Graduate Programme in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, University Cato´lica of Brası´lia, Brası´lia, Brazil
Keywords Archaea Soil Cerrado Brazilian savanna Molecular phylogeny 16S rRNA gene
Introduction The first evaluation of archaeal diversity performed in Brazil identified two archaeal sequences from Amazonian soil (Borneman and Triplett 1997). Afterwards, other studies have investigated the richness of Archaea in different Brazilian ecosystems: tropical native and impacted environments (Clementino et al. 2007); Amazonian anthrosols (Pazinato et al. 2010; Taketani and Tsai 2010; Grossman et al. 2010); peatland soil of the Southern Atlantic Forest (Etto 2011); tropical estuarine Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro (Vieira et al. 2007); anoxic zone of Tucuruı´ Hydroelectric Power Station reservoir in the Brazilian Amazon (Gracas et al. 2011; Santana et al. 2012); reef-building corals Siderastrea stellata and Mussismilia hispida from Bu´zios (Lins-de-Barros et al. 2010); from the bank reef of Abrolhos (Bruce et al. 2012); and from the rumen microbiome of goats (Capra hircus) from the semiarid region of Brazil (Cunha et al. 2011). Recently, a review about the
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