Domestic Regulatory Framework and Invasive Alien Species in China
Official attempts to prevent the introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests began in China in 1928, and acquired more complexity after 1980. China has seen accelerated economic development, especially during the past 10 years following membership in t
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Domestic Regulatory Framework and Invasive Alien Species in China Zhi-Hong Li, Shui-Fang Zhu, and Fang-Hao Wan
Editor’s Note China has become a significant participant in international agricultural trade during the past 15 years. Regulatory activities in China have not been widely understood by the international community of agricultural trade and travel. Yet China has an important role to play in international Plant Biosecurity. The following chapter outlines some of the significant elements of Chinese Plant Biosecurity as an example of domestic regulatory work within one bureaucratic framework. Each country must construct its own domestic (internal) programme based upon its unique circumstances. Structure and administration of these programmes can vary among countries. Regulatory officials of all domestic programmes should understand and appreciate the complexities of regulatory programmes among their trading partners and work cooperatively to improve management of Invasive Alien Species.
Z.-H. Li (*) College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China e-mail: [email protected] S.-F. Zhu Institute of Animal and Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China F.-H. Wan State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China G. Gordh and S. McKirdy (eds.), The Handbook of Plant Biosecurity, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7365-3_3, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
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Official Control: Regulations and Bureaucracy (Zhi-Hong Li) Introduction
The first reported instance of using legal means to control plant pests occurred in 1660 when the government of Leon, France attempted to eradicate barberry in order to prevent Wheat Stem Rust disease caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. (Xia 2002; Li et al. 2004; Xu 2008). The earliest suggestion of plant quarantine in China was proposed during 1916 by Dr. Bingwen Zou, the pioneer and founder of Plant Pathology in China (Chen and Huang 1992). Zou explained the importance of plant quarantine and emphasized four elements of the management of plant diseases (exclusion, eradication, protection and immunization) (Chen and Huang 1992). During 1927–1929, a paper titled “Plant Quarantine” was published in three parts by Dr. Fengmei Zhu (Chen and Huang 1992). The publication emphasized the significance and basic methods of plant quarantine. Zhu advocated import quarantine to prevent plant-pest introduction and protection of domestic agriculture and forestry. He also emphasized that export quarantine would increase overseas customers’ confidence and promote international trade. These collective actions were regarded as the scientific foundation of plant quarantine in China. In December 1928, the Ministry of Agriculture and Minerals published ‘Regulation for Agricultural Products Inspection’ in an attempt to prevent Cotton Bollworm, Pectinophora
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