Dynamic Changes of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients at Early Stage of Outbreak
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Dynamic Changes of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients at Early Stage of Outbreak Huaqing Shu1 • Shuzhen Wang1 • Shunan Ruan3 • Yaxin Wang1,2 • Jiancheng Zhang1,2 • Yin Yuan1,2 • Hong Liu1,2,3 • Yongran Wu1,2,3 • Ruiting Li1,2 • Shangwen Pan1,2 • Yaqi Ouyang1,2 • Shiying Yuan1,2,3 • Peng Zhou4 • You Shang1,2,3 Received: 11 May 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 Ó Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS 2020
Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread around the world with high mortality. To diagnose promptly and accurately is the vital step to effectively control its pandemic. Dynamic characteristics of SARSCoV-2-specific antibodies which are important for diagnosis of infection have not been fully demonstrated. In this retrospective, single-center, observational study, we enrolled the initial 131 confirmed cases of COVID-19 at Jin-Yin-Tan Hospital who had at least one-time antibody tested during their hospitalization. The dynamic changes of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in 226 serum samples were detected by ELISA. The sensitivities of IgM and IgG ELISA detection were analyzed. Result showed that the sensitivity of the IgG ELISA detection (92.5%) was significantly higher than that of the IgM (70.8%) (P \ 0.001). The meantimes of seroconversion for IgM and IgG were 6 days and 3 days, respectively. The IgM and IgG antibody levels peaked at around 18 days and 23 days, and then IgM fell to below the baseline level at about day 36, whereas IgG maintained at a relatively high level. In conclusion, antibodies should be detected to aid in diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. IgG could be a sensitive indicator for retrospective diagnosis and contact tracing, while IgM could be an indicator of early infection. Keywords Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Coronavirus Antibody Serology
Introduction
Huaqing Shu and Shuzhen Wang contributed equally to this work. & You Shang [email protected] & Peng Zhou [email protected] 1
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
2
Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
3
Jin-Yin-Tan Hospital, Wuhan 430023, China
4
CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia has spread rapidly in China and soon after around the world. It has been declared by WHO as a global public health emergency and named as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on January 13, 2020 (Huang et al. 2020; Zhou et al. 2020b; Zhu et al. 2020). As of July 08, 2020, ther
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