Dynamic changes of the fecal bacterial community in dairy cows during early lactation
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Dynamic changes of the fecal bacterial community in dairy cows during early lactation Shuai Huang1 , Shoukun Ji2, Feiran Wang1, Jie Huang3, Gibson Maswayi Alugongo1 and Shengli Li1*
Abstract The dynamics of the community structure and composition of the dairy cow fecal bacterial communities during early lactation is unclear, therefore this study was conducted to characterize the fecal bacterial communities in dairy cows during early lactation using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Feces were sampled from 20 healthy fresh Holstein dairy cows on day 1 (Fresh1d group) and day 14 (Fresh14d group) after calving. After calving, cows were fed the same fresh diet. The dominant phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were decreased (P ≤ 0.01) with lactating progress and phyla Bacteroidetes were increased (P = 0.008) with lactating progress and dietary transition. At family level, the predominant families were Ruminococcaceae (35.23%), Lachnospiraceae (11.46%), Rikenellaceae (10.44%) and Prevotellaceae (6.89%). A total of 14 genera were different between fecal samples from Fresh1d and Fresh14d, included the predominant genera, such as Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (P = 0.008), Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (P = 0.043) and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (P = 0.008). All fecal bacterial communities shared members of the genera Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. These findings help to improve our understanding of the composition and structure of the fecal microbial community in fresh cows and may provide insight into bacterial adaptation time and dietary in lactating cows. Keywords: Fecal microbiota, Fresh dairy cows, Dynamic, 16S rRNA sequencing Introduction The bovine gastrointestinal tract microbiota harbors lots of microbial species that play important roles in the health and productivity of ruminant (Bergmann 2017; Clemmons et al. 2019; Myer et al. 2015). These microbes are necessary for fermentation of ingested plant matter into compounds such as volatile fatty acids that act as energy sources for the host (Flint et al. 2008). The development of high-throughput sequencing technology has enabled advancements in the understanding of the gastrointestinal microbiota of ruminant animals in recent years. Studies on the microbiota present in rumen during lactation have found that the ruminal microbial structure *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
and composition varied with lactation period (Bainbridge et al. 2016; Lima et al. 2015; Xue et al. 2018), and revealed an association between the rumen microbiota and milk efficiency (Weimer et al. 2017), feed efficiency (Shabat et al. 2016) and milk production (Indugu et al. 2017; Tong et al. 2018) in dairy cows. In addition to studies o
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