Earth Observation for agricultural drought monitoring in the Pannonian Basin (southeastern Europe): current state and fu
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REVIEW
Earth Observation for agricultural drought monitoring in the Pannonian Basin (southeastern Europe): current state and future directions Laura Crocetti 1 & Matthias Forkel 2 & Milan Fischer 3 & František Jurečka 3 & Aleš Grlj 4,5 & Andreas Salentinig 1 & Miroslav Trnka 3,6 & Martha Anderson 7 & Wai-Tim Ng 8 & Žiga Kokalj 4,5 & Andreea Bucur 1 & Wouter Dorigo 1 Received: 23 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The Pannonian Basin in southeastern Europe is heavily used for rain-fed agriculture. The region experienced several droughts in the last years, causing major yield losses. Ongoing climate change, characterised by increasing temperatures and potential evapotranspiration, and by changes in precipitation distribution will likely increase the frequency and intensity of drought episodes in the future. Hence, ongoing monitoring of droughts and estimation of their impact on agriculture is necessary to adapt agricultural practices to changing weather and climate extremes. Several regional initiatives, projects and online tools have been established to facilitate drought monitoring and management in the Pannonian Basin. However, reliable systems to forecast potential drought impacts on plant productivity and agricultural yields at monthly to seasonal scales are only in their infancy, as plant response to climatic extremes is still poorly understood. With the increasing availability of high-resolution and long-term Earth Observation (EO) data and recent progress in machine learning and artificial intelligence, further improvements in drought monitoring and impact prediction capacities are expected. Here we review the current state of drought monitoring in the Pannonian Basin, identify EO-based variables to potentially improve regional drought impact monitoring and outline future perspectives for seasonal forecasts of drought impacts on agriculture. Keywords Pannonian Basin . Earth Observation . Agricultural drought . Machine learning
Communicated by Wolfgang Cramer * Laura Crocetti [email protected] Matthias Forkel [email protected] Milan Fischer [email protected] František Jurečka [email protected] Aleš Grlj [email protected] Andreas Salentinig [email protected]
Miroslav Trnka [email protected] Martha Anderson [email protected] Wai-Tim Ng [email protected] Žiga Kokalj [email protected] Andreea Bucur [email protected] Wouter Dorigo [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Introduction Drought mechanisms Droughts are complex phenomena that can have an enormous impact on the environment, economy and society. Droughts are usually driven by a lack of precipitation and/or increased atmospheric water demand, which causes a shortage of water for plant growth, river runoff, inland ship trafficking or other use of water resources (Wilhite and Glantz 1985). Depending on the duration, effects and intensity, drought can be classifie
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