Effect of an antioxidant on the life cycle of wood flour/polypropylene composites
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of an antioxidant on the life cycle of wood flour/ polypropylene composites Haigang Wang1 • Jingfa Zhang1 • Haitao Fu1 • Weihong Wang1 • Qingwen Wang2
Received: 28 November 2017 / Accepted: 3 January 2018 Ó Northeast Forestry University 2019
Abstract This study assessed the life cycle of biocomposites with antioxidants by repeated processing. The effects of antioxidants on the life cycle of wood flour/ polypropylene (PP) composites were determined by analyzing their mechanical and thermal properties. The composites were repeatedly processed for seven times with pelletizing and extruding. An antioxidant, pentaerythritoltetrakys 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, was used. The mechanical strength of the biocomposites decreased after reprocessing. Fourier transformed infrared analysis showed that thermo-oxidative aging occurred during reprocessing. The thermal performance of the resulting composites decreased because of reprocessing. Wood flour/PP has a long lifetime and antioxidants can slow the thermo-oxidative and mechanical degradation during reprocessing.
Project funding: This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2572018BB07) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31670570). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Yu Lei. & Weihong Wang [email protected] & Qingwen Wang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People’s Republic of China
2
College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic of China
Keywords Wood-plastic composites Polypropylene Reprocessing Antioxidant
Introduction Wood plastic composites (WPCs) have become widely accepted in the marketplace due to their decay resistance, waterproof, renewable and low cost. The main raw material, bio-fiber is renewable (Markarian 2002; Zhang et al. 2018). A wide variety of high-quality WPCs products have been introduced and annual production increased to 2.6 million tons by 2017 (Kurniawan et al. 2013; CPHC 2017). As the market for WPCs increases, it is particularly important to assess the life cycle of the material. As a type of bio-composite material, wood flour/PP composites are recyclable and their life cycle enhanced by reprocessing. In addition, the mechanical and thermal performances of reprocessed WPCs are usually determined for forecasting the length of the life cycle. The properties of recycled polypropylene (PP) are affected by aging and become thermal degradation reprocessing (Jansson et al. 2003; Iizuka et al. 2017). For PP, the main effect of reprocessing is the decrease in molecular weight and melt viscosity of the polymer. However, the chemical structure is not significantly changed (GuerricaEchevarrı´a et al. 1996). Similarly, the properties of biocomposites are affected by aging and degradation during
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