Effect of CO 2 and O 2 Mixed Injection on the Decarburization and Manganese Retention in High-Mn Twinning-Induced Plasti
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DUCTION
IN recent years, extensive studies have been carried out on twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels, attributed to their extraordinary combination of high strength and ductility.[1–6] Fe-Mn-Si-Al and Fe-MnC(-Al) systems are two typical types of TWIP steels.[7–12] The product of tensile strength and ductility for the Fe-25Mn-3Si-3Al (wt pct) TWIP steel was reported to be 60 GPa pct.[7] However, the casting and galvanizing of these TWIP steels containing high aluminum and silicon is very difficult.[8] Fe-Mn-C(-Al) TWIP steels
HONGBO LIU, LI SUN, RUIZHONG ZHANG, and ZHIGUO AN are with the Technology Research Institute, Hebei Iron and Steel Group, Room 302, HBIS Group building, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China. Contact email: [email protected] JIANHUA LIU is with the Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. SCHENK JOHANNES is with the Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria and also with Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH, 4031 Linz, Austria. FLORIAN MARKUS PENZ is with Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH. Manuscript submitted February 20, 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
have been developed recently to overcome the disadvantage of Fe-Mn-Si-Al TWIP steels.[12,13] The tensile strength and elongation of Fe-Mn-C(-Al) TWIP steels may reach up to 1200 MPa and 90 pct, respectively.[14,15] In typical Fe-Mn-C(-Al) TWIP steels, the contents of Mn, C, and Al are approximately 18, 0.6, and 1.5 wt pct, respectively.[16–18] The high content of Mn in TWIP steels posed challenges to the steelmaking process, because manganese can be easily oxidized into slag and evaporated at high temperature.[19] Additionally, it is well known that O2 is usually used as an oxidizer for decarburization during the steelmaking process.[20] The hot-spot temperature in an LD converter can reach up to 2500 °C with pure O2 blowing.[21] You et al.[22] reported that the evaporation loss of manganese was due to the this element’s high vapor pressure, which was significantly affected by the melting temperature and the fraction of top/bottom blown oxygen. Therefore, more effort should be spent researching the minimization of manganese loss to increase metal yield during the steelmaking process. According to the calculation results by Matsuo and Masuda,[23] the temperature of the hot-spot reaction zone would be decreased when increasing the proportion of blown CO2 during the BOF steelmaking process. Additionally, Wang et al.[24] reported that it was feasible
to control the bath temperature by mixing a certain percent of CO2 into the oxygen jet. On the other hand, it was discovered that CO2 had a high decarburization efficiency, especially when the initial carbon content was relatively high.[25] Many researchers have investigated the application of CO2 gas in the metallurgy field. Hara et al.[26] suggested that using CO2 as a shielding gas could prevent the steel from absorbing nitrogen during the LF refining proc
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