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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08326-0  2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

Effect of Copper Substitution on the Structural, Magnetic, and Dielectric Properties of M-Type Lead Hexaferrite DIPTI D. PARMAR,1 PREKSHA N. DHRUV,1 SHER SINGH MEENA ,2,6 S. KAVITA,3 CHARANJEET SINGH SANDHU,4,7 MOHAMED ELLOUZE,5 and RAJSHREE B. JOTANIA 1,8 1.—Department of Physics, Electronics and Space Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 009, India. 2.—Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India. 3.—International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IIT Chennai Research Park, Chennai 600113, India. 4.—Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144 411, India. 5.—Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, US, Sfax, Tunisia. 6.—e-mail: [email protected]. 7.—e-mail: [email protected]. 8.—e-mail: [email protected]

In the present study, Cu-substituted M-type lead hexaferrites with chemical composition PbCuxFe12xO19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) have been synthesized using a co-precipitation method. As-obtained precursors were preheated at 550C for 4 h in a muffle furnace, followed by final heating at 1150C for 5 h. All heated samples were characterized using various instrumental techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and low-frequency dielectric measurements to investigate the effect of copper substitution on the structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties. FTIR spectra of all heated samples showed two absorption bands confirming the formation of ferrite. XRD analysis of all samples confirmed the formation of a majority of M-type hexaferrite phase with secondary phases. The coercivity (HC), saturation magnetization (MS), and remanence magnetization (Mr) are found to decrease with copper content (except the x = 1.0 composition). The coercivity is found to change from 8 kA m1 to 27 kA m1, and this depicts the magnetically soft nature and multi-domain structure of the prepared ferrites. Mo¨ssbauer spectra indicate that the 12k site is more affected by Cu substitution. This means that Cu prefers to occupy the 12k site, which increases the ferrimagnetic order and reduces the saturation magnetization. The dielectric study of all heated samples showed the frequency-dependent phenomenon. Each composition showed a single semicircular arc due to contributions of grain and grain boundaries resistance in Cole–Cole plots. Key words: M-type lead hexaferrites, x-ray diffraction, hysteresis loops, Mo¨ssbauer spectra, dielectric measurements, Cole–Cole type plots

INTRODUCTION

(Received October 28, 2019; accepted July 9, 2020)

Ferrites are magnetic ceramics and contained iron oxide as one of the main ingredients. Ferrites possess very high electrical resistance, and, according to their crystal structure, they can be class