Effect of Seepage Force on Tunnel Face Stability Using Limit Analysis with SRM
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of Seepage Force on Tunnel Face Stability Using Limit Analysis with SRM Yonglin An . Jiahao Li . Jian Yue . Jin Zhou
Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The seepage force is of importance on tunnel face stability. The formulas to determine the seepage force are introduced based on Darcy’s Law. The formula of the stability safety factor containing the tunnel face of the seepage force is derived and applied to the actual tunnel engineering using the upper bound limit analysis combining with the strength reduction method. The results show that: as the water level increases, the average seepage force increases, and the safety factor decreases. If the horizontal seepage force is considered only and the vertical seepage force is ignored, the result is unsafe. The stability of the tunnel face can be improved by reducing the excavation height and adopting some reinforcement, such as grouting or rock bolt to increase the cohesion and friction angle of the rock.
Y. An (&) J. Li J. Yue J. Zhou Hunan Provincical Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering for Stability Control and Health Monitoring, School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China e-mail: [email protected] J. Li e-mail: [email protected] J. Yue e-mail: [email protected] J. Zhou e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Tunnel face stability Seepage force Limit analysis Strength reduced method
1 Introduction There are many cases of collapse due to instability of the tunnel face, especially in the water-rich area. With the development of China’s economy and the construction of ‘‘The Belt and Road’’ and ‘‘the Yangtze River economic zone’’, the scale of engineering construction in highway, railway, rail transit, water conservancy, energy and other fields will continue to expand, and rich water tunnels will also emerge. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and engineering application value to study the stability of water-rich tunnel face. At present, there are many studies on the stability of shield tunnel excavation face, mainly using limit analysis method (Davis et al. 1980; Anagnostou and Kova´ri 1994; Salvador et al. 2020), limit equilibrium method (Nomikos et al. 2002), test method (Loganathan et al. 2000; Bilotta and Taylor 2005), and numerical simulation by software (Yasletty et al. 2019), etc. For water-saturated strata, the influence of water on tunnel stability is studied by numerical software and limit method (De Buhan et al. 1999; Broere and Van 2000; Callari 2004; Lee and Nam 2001, 2004; Lee et al. 2004; Rong and Cheng 2004; Li
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et al. 2004; Cao et al. 2016; Hu 2018; An et al. 2016; Yi et al. 2019). In this paper, based on strength reduction method and limit analysis method, the influence of seepage force on the stability of tunnel face excavated by mining method is analyzed under the condition of seepage.
2 Method for Determining S
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